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After living together for a year,Sylvia and Yefim have decided to marry. Research on premarital cohabitation most strongly suggests that


A) they have more positive attitudes toward the institution of marriage than the average couple.
B) their marriage will have a higher-than-average probability of being successful.
C) most of their college friends and acquaintances have viewed their cohabitation negatively.
D) their marriage will have a higher-than-average probability of ending in divorce.

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When stabilized retinal images of an initially presented word disappear,new words made up of parts of the initial word will subsequently appear and then vanish. This best illustrates the impact of


A) subliminal stimulation.
B) top-down processing.
C) Weber's law.
D) accommodation.

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The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as


A) the opponent-process theory.
B) Weber's law.
C) feature detection.
D) prosopagnosia.

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Menopause refers to


A) the cessation of menstruation.
B) the loss of male sexual potency.
C) irregular timing of menstrual periods.
D) the loss of sexual interest in late adulthood.

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The direct link between a single cone and a single ________ preserves the fine details in the cone's message.


A) rod
B) ganglion cell
C) blind spot
D) bipolar cell

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To maximize your sensitivity to fine visual detail you should


A) stare off to one side of the object you are attempting to see.
B) close one eye.
C) decrease the intensity of the light falling upon the object.
D) stare directly at the object.

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Superman's eyes used ________,while his brain used ________.


A) perception; sensation
B) top-down processing; bottom-up processing
C) bottom-up processing; top-down processing
D) sensory adaptation; subliminal perception

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Which of the following terms refers to a person's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills?


A) fluid intelligence
B) concrete operational intelligence
C) formal operational intelligence
D) crystallized intelligence

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Sixty-five-year-old Calvin cannot reason as well as he could when he was younger. More than likely,Calvin's ________ intelligence has declined.


A) analytic
B) crystallized
C) fluid
D) operational

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________ processing refers to how the physical characteristics of stimuli influence their interpretation.


A) Top-down
B) Bottom-up
C) Subliminal
D) Psychophysical

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Accommodation refers to the


A) diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
B) quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation.
C) process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural messages.
D) process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina.

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According to Erikson,adolescence is to identity as late adulthood is to


A) integrity.
B) autonomy.
C) generativity.
D) intimacy.

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If you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so,you will feel it for only a few moments. This best illustrates


A) parallel processing.
B) accommodation.
C) sensory adaptation.
D) Weber's law.

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In experiments,an image is quickly flashed and then replaced by a masking stimulus that inhibits conscious perception of the original image. In these experiments,the researchers are studying the effects of


A) accommodation.
B) adaptation.
C) priming.
D) blindsight.

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Jennifer can tune her guitar more effectively than Maria because Jennifer is better at detecting whether specific strings are playing too sharp or too flat. With respect to tone sensitivity,Maria apparently has a ________ threshold than does Jennifer.


A) lower absolute
B) higher absolute
C) smaller difference
D) larger difference

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Wavelength is to ________ as ________ is to brightness.


A) hue; intensity
B) intensity; hue
C) frequency; amplitude
D) brightness; hue

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The age at which people are expected to leave home,get a job,and marry has changed dramatically in Wallonia over the past 50 years. Developmentalists would say that the country's ________ has been altered.


A) social clock
B) developmental norm
C) maturation cycle
D) family calendar

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Fluid intelligence refers most directly to a person's


A) accumulated knowledge.
B) ability to reason speedily and abstractly.
C) ability to assume the perspective of others.
D) ability to utilize diffuse brain regions for storing memories.

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Given the text discussion of life satisfaction patterns,which of the following people is likely to report the greatest life satisfaction?


A) Billy,a 7-year-old second-grader
B) Kathy,a 17-year-old high-school senior
C) Mildred,a 70-year-old retired teacher
D) too little information to tell

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Simultaneously analyzing distinct subunits of information received by different areas of the brain is known as


A) accommodation.
B) sensory adaptation.
C) parallel processing.
D) feature detection.

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