Question 1

In research on social dilemmas,it has been found that group communication

Accepted Answer

A)  polarizes competitive tendencies.
B)  has no effect on the outcome.
C)  leads to greater cooperation and better outcomes for all participants.
D)  leads to escalated conflict and tension.

Question 2

The smaller the commons,the more

Accepted Answer

A)  responsibility each person feels for it.
B)  intense the conflict among individual members.
C)  apathetic people are about its preservation.
D)  likely communication will take the form of intimidation and deception.

Question 3

When individuals consume more than their share,and the cost of doing so is dispersed among all,the result is called

Accepted Answer

A)  greed.
B)  environmental devastation.
C)  overconsumption.
D)  the Tragedy of the Commons.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of a non-zero-sum game involving two individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both individuals will have gained nothing as a result of the game.
B)  If one individual loses,then the other individual always wins.
C)  Even when both individuals behave rationally,harm can result.
D)  The individual that is the most impulsive is likely to win.

Question 5

A common excuse for noncooperation is

Accepted Answer

A)  "I couldn't have made a difference anyway."
B)  "The devil made me do it."
C)  "That's unfair."
D)  "Cooperation is for the weak and cowardly."

Question 6

When two sides have clashing perceptions,at least one of them is misperceiving the other,and when that is the case,according to Urie Bronfenbrenner (1960) ,"It is characteristic of such images that they are _____."

Accepted Answer

A)  self-defeating
B)  self-confirming
C)  self-handicapping
D)  self-monitoring

Question 7

Which one of the following is one of the seeds of misperception according to your text?

Accepted Answer

A)  The self-serving bias
B)  Reduced competition
C)  The fundamental attribution error
D)  Groupthink

Question 8

Conflict is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals.
B)  dissatisfaction with relationship outcomes.
C)  hostility that results from frustrating interaction.
D)  a competition for mutually exclusive goals.

Question 9

Which of the following is cited in the text as an example of changing payoffs to resolve social dilemmas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allowing carpoolers to drive in the faster,freeway lane
B)  Requiring carpool cars and vans to park in special,larger parking lots farther away from the office building
C)  Lowering the price of gasoline well below $1 per gallon
D)  Raising the price of gasoline well above $5 per gallon

Question 10

In a non-zero-sum game,

Accepted Answer

A)  both can win and both can lose.
B)  one side wins and the other loses.
C)  one's gains equal another's losses.
D)  altruistic motives dominate.

Question 11

Pursuing one's self-interest to the collective detriment of one's community or society is the central pattern in

Accepted Answer

A)  mirror-image perception.
B)  the jigsaw problem.
C)  perceived injustice.
D)  a social dilemma.

Question 12

Research on laboratory dilemmas reveals that cooperation is facilitated if

Accepted Answer

A)  one person is 100 percent cooperative.
B)  the opponents can communicate with one another.
C)  the game is changed into a zero-sum game.
D)  the size of the payoffs is increased.

Question 13

Kaori Sato (1987) gave Japanese students opportunities to harvest trees in a simulated forest for money.When the students equally shared the costs of planting the forest,the result was that

Accepted Answer

A)  most of the trees were left to grow too tall for harvesting because the students bickered about the criterion to be used in sharing profits.
B)  most of the trees were harvested before they had grown to the most profitable size.
C)  none of the trees were harvested because the collectivist students did not want to be the first to ask for his or her share.
D)  students made maximum profit not only for themselves individually but for the group.

Question 14

In the context of resolving social dilemmas,mistrust in a group is most effectively reduced by

Accepted Answer

A)  treating dilemmas as zero-sum games.
B)  removing regulations on resources.
C)  increasing group size.
D)  improving communication.

Question 15

In playing the laboratory version of the Prisoner's Dilemma,you would personally obtain the best payoff on any given trial if you _____ and the other person _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  confess; does not confess
B)  confess; confesses
C)  do not confess; confesses
D)  do not confess; does not confess

Question 16

Which of the following is a feature shared by both the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Commons Dilemma?

Accepted Answer

A)  One party's wins necessarily equals the other party's losses.
B)  Participants tend to commit the fundamental attribution error.
C)  Participants' motives change in the course of the entrapment.
D)  Both are non-zero-sum games.

Question 17

Which of the following is cited in the text as a method for resolving social dilemmas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regulation
B)  Making the group smaller
C)  Communication
D)  Competition

Question 18

Rodney and Ralph are twin brothers who each contributed $75 to purchase a new bicycle.Rodney rides it 75% of the time.This would be an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  an inequitable relationship.
B)  the Tragedy of the Commons.
C)  a zero-sum relationship.
D)  mirror-image perceptions.

Question 19

In Sherif's research,the camper groups became hostile toward each other when

Accepted Answer

A)  they learned of the other group's existence.
B)  the two groups first met.
C)  competition between the groups was introduced.
D)  competition between the groups ended.

Question 20

Which of the following is an effect of residential stability?

Accepted Answer

A)  It strengthens communal identity.
B)  It enables groupthink by emphasizing the individualistic nature of people.
C)  It weakens procommunity behavior.
D)  It eliminates the need for regulations on common resources.

Exam 28: Causes of Conflict

In Sherif's research,the camper groups became hostile toward each other when

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The smaller the commons,the more

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Which one of the following is one of the seeds of misperception according to your text?

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Which of the following is a feature shared by both the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Commons Dilemma?

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In research on social dilemmas,it has been found that group communication

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In the context of resolving social dilemmas,mistrust in a group is most effectively reduced by

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Which of the following is cited in the text as a method for resolving social dilemmas?

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Pursuing one's self-interest to the collective detriment of one's community or society is the central pattern in

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Which of the following is cited in the text as an example of changing payoffs to resolve social dilemmas?

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Rodney and Ralph are twin brothers who each contributed $75 to purchase a new bicycle.Rodney rides it 75% of the time.This would be an example of

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Which of the following is true of a non-zero-sum game involving two individuals?

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A common excuse for noncooperation is

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Which of the following is an effect of residential stability?

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When two sides have clashing perceptions,at least one of them is misperceiving the other,and when that is the case,according to Urie Bronfenbrenner (1960) ,"It is characteristic of such images that they are _____."

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In playing the laboratory version of the Prisoner's Dilemma,you would personally obtain the best payoff on any given trial if you _____ and the other person _____.

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When individuals consume more than their share,and the cost of doing so is dispersed among all,the result is called

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Research on laboratory dilemmas reveals that cooperation is facilitated if

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Conflict is defined as

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In a non-zero-sum game,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kaori Sato (1987) gave Japanese students opportunities to harvest trees in a simulated forest for money.When the students equally shared the costs of planting the forest,the result was that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In playing the laboratory version of the Prisoner's Dilemma,you would personally obtain the best payoff on any given trial if you _ and the other person _.

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