Question 1

Rats drink saccharin-flavored water while also seeing bright lights and hearing loud noises.Shortly afterward,they are exposed to X rays that make them nauseated.As a result of this experience,what do they avoid?

Accepted Answer

A)  saccharin-flavored water
B)  lights and noises
C)  saccharin-flavored water and lights and noises equally
D)  nothing

Question 2

In operant conditioning ____________________ occurs if responses stop producing reinforcements.
extinction

Accepted Answer

The answer of In operant conditioning ____________________ occurs if responses...

Question 3

As a rule,behaviorists are LEAST interested in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  animal learning
B)  simple explanations
C)  the distinction between conscious and unconscious thought
D)  classical conditioning

Question 4

After a subject has developed a classically conditioned response,an investigator begins presenting the conditioned stimulus by itself.Which of the following is likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction
B)  acquisition
C)  spontaneous recovery
D)  stimulus generalization

Question 5

Animals are predisposed to associate tastes with __________ and to associate lights and sounds with __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  shocks...poison
B)  punishment...reward
C)  reward...punishment
D)  poison...shocks

Question 6

In some drug abusers,drug tolerance develops through classical conditioning.The conditioned stimulus in these cases is

Accepted Answer

A)  the drug administration ritual.
B)  the positive feelings produced by the drug.
C)  the body's countermeasures against the effects of the drug.
D)  the drug's entry into the brain.

Question 7

In an experiment by Bandura,Ross,and Ross,one group of children watched a film in which someone violently attacked an inflated doll.Another group watched a film in which no one attacked the doll.At the end of the film,both groups were put in a room with an inflated doll.Who (if anyone) attacked the doll?

Accepted Answer

A)  the group that watched others attack the doll
B)  the group that watched others who did not attack the doll
C)  both groups
D)  neither group

Question 8

Which kind of learning occurs reliably even though the elements to be associated are separated by an hour or more?

Accepted Answer

A)  response followed by shock
B)  response followed by food
C)  auditory stimulus followed by food
D)  eating a new food followed by illness

Question 9

Applied behavior analysis (or behavior modification) is based on immediate reinforcements for behaviors,with gradually increasing demands for certain kinds of behavior.The idea is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlov's concept of classical conditioning.
B)  Ebbinghaus's studies of memory.
C)  Kahneman's research of heuristics.
D)  Skinner's procedure of shaping.

Question 10

What did Pavlov think was necessary for classical conditioning to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement
B)  cognitive understanding of the relationship between two stimuli
C)  presenting the CS and the UCS at nearly the same time
D)  physical similarity between the CS and the UCS

Question 11

On the first trial of an experiment on classical conditioning,the CS elicits __________ and the UCS elicits __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  no response...no response
B)  the CR...no response
C)  the CR...the UCR
D)  no response...the UCR

Question 12

If you cannot spend as much time as you would like engaged in a particular activity,that activity will function as a reinforcer.This statement describes the:

Accepted Answer

A)  disequilibrium principle.
B)  Premack principle.
C)  principle of serial contiguity.
D)  law of effect.

Question 13

When you open a combination lock,you first turn the lock to one number.The reinforcement for that response is the opportunity to turn it to the second number,which is reinforced by the opportunity to turn to the third number,which opens the lock.This series of behaviors illustrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  belongingness.
B)  the Premack principle.
C)  shaping.
D)  chaining.

Question 14

Suppose your boss provides free coffee and donuts each morning at precisely 10:30 am.The first people there get the best choice of donuts.Your going to the place where the donuts are each day is reinforced on which schedule?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio
B)  variable ratio
C)  fixed interval
D)  variable interval

Question 15

In operant conditioning,UNLIKE classical conditioning,

Accepted Answer

A)  every response leads to a combination of both reinforcement and punishment.
B)  individuals learn without actually doing anything.
C)  the individual's response controls the outcome (reinforcement or punishment) .
D)  the stimuli will be presented at certain times regardless of the individual's actions.

Question 16

Skinner trained a rat to raise a flag and salute during the playing of the "Star-Spangled Banner." The training involved a combination of __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement...negative reinforcement
B)  positive reinforcement...punishment
C)  shaping...chaining
D)  operant conditioning...classical conditioning

Question 17

Which kind of behaviorist would accept references to mental experiences,as long as they are cautiously inferred from observable behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  A radical behaviorist,but not a methodological behaviorist.
B)  A methodological behaviorist,but not a radical behaviorist.
C)  Both methodological and radical behaviorists.
D)  No self-respecting behaviorist (radical,methodological,or otherwise) would ever accept references to mental experiences.

Question 18

The probability of a given response is decreased by

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement.
B)  negative reinforcement.
C)  punishment.
D)  either negative reinforcement or punishment.

Question 19

Radical behaviorists reject the idea that internal states (such as thoughts and feelings)cause behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

How does an investigator produce extinction in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punish all responses.
B)  Present the CS without the UCS.
C)  Present the UCS without the UCR.
D)  Present the UCS without the CS.

Exam 6: Learning

Rats drink saccharin-flavored water while also seeing bright lights and hearing loud noises.Shortly afterward,they are exposed to X rays that make them nauseated.As a result of this experience,what do they avoid?

Correct Answer
verified

Which kind of behaviorist would accept references to mental experiences,as long as they are cautiously inferred from observable behaviors?

Correct Answer
verified

Skinner trained a rat to raise a flag and salute during the playing of the "Star-Spangled Banner." The training involved a combination of and .

Correct Answer
verified

Radical behaviorists reject the idea that internal states (such as thoughts and feelings)cause behavior.

Correct Answer
verified

After a subject has developed a classically conditioned response,an investigator begins presenting the conditioned stimulus by itself.Which of the following is likely to occur?

Correct Answer
verified

In operant conditioning,UNLIKE classical conditioning,

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose your boss provides free coffee and donuts each morning at precisely 10:30 am.The first people there get the best choice of donuts.Your going to the place where the donuts are each day is reinforced on which schedule?

Correct Answer
verified

Applied behavior analysis (or behavior modification) is based on immediate reinforcements for behaviors,with gradually increasing demands for certain kinds of behavior.The idea is based on

Correct Answer
verified

The probability of a given response is decreased by

Correct Answer
verified

Animals are predisposed to associate tastes with and to associate lights and sounds with .

Correct Answer
verified

If you cannot spend as much time as you would like engaged in a particular activity,that activity will function as a reinforcer.This statement describes the:

Correct Answer
verified

Which kind of learning occurs reliably even though the elements to be associated are separated by an hour or more?

Correct Answer
verified

How does an investigator produce extinction in classical conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified

As a rule,behaviorists are LEAST interested in which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

On the first trial of an experiment on classical conditioning,the CS elicits and the UCS elicits .

Correct Answer
verified

What did Pavlov think was necessary for classical conditioning to occur?

Correct Answer
verified

In some drug abusers,drug tolerance develops through classical conditioning.The conditioned stimulus in these cases is

Correct Answer
verified

When you open a combination lock,you first turn the lock to one number.The reinforcement for that response is the opportunity to turn it to the second number,which is reinforced by the opportunity to turn to the third number,which opens the lock.This series of behaviors illustrates the concept of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In operant conditioning ____________________ occurs if responses stop producing reinforcements. extinction

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Learning

Rats drink saccharin-flavored water while also seeing bright lights and hearing loud noises.Shortly afterward,they are exposed to X rays that make them nauseated.As a result of this experience,what do they avoid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which kind of behaviorist would accept references to mental experiences,as long as they are cautiously inferred from observable behaviors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Skinner trained a rat to raise a flag and salute during the playing of the "Star-Spangled Banner." The training involved a combination of __________ and __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Radical behaviorists reject the idea that internal states (such as thoughts and feelings)cause behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After a subject has developed a classically conditioned response,an investigator begins presenting the conditioned stimulus by itself.Which of the following is likely to occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In operant conditioning,UNLIKE classical conditioning,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose your boss provides free coffee and donuts each morning at precisely 10:30 am.The first people there get the best choice of donuts.Your going to the place where the donuts are each day is reinforced on which schedule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Applied behavior analysis (or behavior modification) is based on immediate reinforcements for behaviors,with gradually increasing demands for certain kinds of behavior.The idea is based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The probability of a given response is decreased by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Animals are predisposed to associate tastes with __________ and to associate lights and sounds with __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you cannot spend as much time as you would like engaged in a particular activity,that activity will function as a reinforcer.This statement describes the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which kind of learning occurs reliably even though the elements to be associated are separated by an hour or more?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does an investigator produce extinction in classical conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a rule,behaviorists are LEAST interested in which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On the first trial of an experiment on classical conditioning,the CS elicits __________ and the UCS elicits __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What did Pavlov think was necessary for classical conditioning to occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In some drug abusers,drug tolerance develops through classical conditioning.The conditioned stimulus in these cases is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When you open a combination lock,you first turn the lock to one number.The reinforcement for that response is the opportunity to turn it to the second number,which is reinforced by the opportunity to turn to the third number,which opens the lock.This series of behaviors illustrates the concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In operant conditioning ____________________ occurs if responses stop producing reinforcements. extinction

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Skinner trained a rat to raise a flag and salute during the playing of the "Star-Spangled Banner." The training involved a combination of and .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Animals are predisposed to associate tastes with and to associate lights and sounds with .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

On the first trial of an experiment on classical conditioning,the CS elicits and the UCS elicits .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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