Question 1

Which of the following nuclides are most likely to be unstable because they have too many neutrons?
I. carbon-14
II. sodium-24
III. silicon-26
IV. aluminum-27
V. phosphorus-31

Accepted Answer

A)   I only
B)   I and II
C)   II and III
D)   III, IV, and V
E)   all of these B

Question 2

Which reactant and product would balance the following nuclear reaction equation?
Reactant + 12C →\rightarrow→  11B + product

Accepted Answer

A)   reactant =  β\betaβ -, product = 1H
B)   reactant =  β\betaβ +, product = 1n
C)   reactant =  β\betaβ -, product = 1n
D)   reactant =  β\betaβ +, product =  α\alphaα 
E)   reactant = 1H, product =  α\alphaα

Question 3

The activity of a sample of gas obtained from a basement containing radon-222 was found to be 8 pCi/L. This isotope has a half-life of 3.8 days. If no additional radon-222 entered the basement, how long would it take for the activity to decline to 1 pCi/L?

Accepted Answer

A)   about 4 days
B)   a bit more than 10 days
C)   about 1 day
D)   a bit less than 10 days
E)   about 20 days

Question 4

What quantity of energy would be produced as one atom of plutonium-238 undergoes alpha decay? The nuclide mass of 238Pu is 238.0495 amu (3.953 *10-22 g) , and the nuclide mass of uranium-234 is 234.0409 amu (3.886 *10-22 g) . Alpha particle mass is 6.64465 *10-24g. The speed of light is 2.998 × 10? m/s.

Accepted Answer

A)   6.0 *10-7 J
B)   5.0 * 10-12 J
C)   7.0 *10-10 J
D)   2.6 *10-8 J
E)   1.1 *10-12 J B

Question 5

A half-life is ________

Accepted Answer

A)   the life that a nuclear chemist leads.
B)   half of the lifetime of an unstable nucleus.
C)   the time for one-half of the unstable nuclei to decay.
D)   constantly changing.
E)   independent of the rate constant for decay.

Question 6

Phosphorus-32 is a radioactive isotope used as a tracer in the liver. How much phosphorus-32 was originally used if there is only 3.50 mg left in a sample after 288 h? (The half-life of phosphorus-32 is 14.3 days.)

Accepted Answer

A)   1.96 mg
B)   6.26 mg
C)   4.17 mg
D)   7.00 mg
E)   17.9 mg

Question 7

If a nitrogen-14 nuclide captures an alpha particle, a proton is produced along with ________

Accepted Answer

A)   neutrons.
B)   boron-10.
C)   oxygen-17.
D)   fluorine-18.
E)   carbon-17.

Question 8

Which of the following units is used to quantify the biological effects of radiation?

Accepted Answer

A)   curies
B)   sieverts
C)   rads
D)   becquerels
E)   joules

Question 9

Electricity is produced from nuclear reactions by ________

Accepted Answer

A)   capturing the electrons that are emitted.
B)   accelerating electrons with rapidly moving protons from the nuclear reaction.
C)   a process still not understood by scientists.
D)   using the energy to make steam to turn turbines.
E)   using the energy to accelerate electrons in wires.

Question 10

Low-level nuclear waste from medical facilities generally requires only short-term storage before disposal because ________

Accepted Answer

A)   the concentrations of radioactive isotopes used in medicine are very low.
B)   the radioactive isotopes are degraded by the medical procedures.
C)   the radioactive isotopes used in medicine have short half-lives.
D)   the radioactive isotopes used in medicine are selected because they are naturally safe.
E)   there is little government regulation regarding the disposal of medical waste.

Question 11

Radiation seed therapy is a common method for treating some prostate cancers and brain tumors. Palladium-103, with a half-life of 17 days, is one isotope used for this treatment. How long does it take for the activity of palladium-103 to decrease to 1.0% of its initial value and essentially cease to be effective?

Accepted Answer

A)   3.7 mo
B)   13 mo
C)   2.1 mo
D)   7.4 mo
E)   4.2 mo

Question 12

Which type of radiation does the most tissue damage, but only when the emitter is internally ingested?

Accepted Answer

A)   alpha
B)   beta
C)   gamma
D)   neutron
E)   positron A

Question 13

What quantity of energy would be produced as 1.00 kg of plutonium-238 undergoes alpha decay? The atomic mass of 238Pu is 238.0495 amu (3.953*10-22 g) , and the atomic mass of uranium-234 is 234.0409 amu (3.886* 10-22 g) . Alpha particle mass is 6.64465 * 10-24g. The speed of light is 2.998 × 10? m/s.

Accepted Answer

A)   4.4 * 1013 J
B)   3.5 * 1011 J
C)   6.2 *10-10 J
D)   1.3 * 1013 J
E)   2.7 *1012 J

Question 14

A 10.00 g sample of wood from an archaeological site produced 3,072  β\betaβ  particles in a 10-hour measurement owing to the presence of carbon-14, while a 10.00 g sample of new wood produced 9,216  β\betaβ  particles in the same period of time. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. How old is the wood from the archaeological site?

Accepted Answer

A)   5,730 years
B)   2,865 years
C)   4,040 years
D)   9,080 years
E)   The correct answer differs by more than 100 years from the values given in A-D.

Question 15

Why is a nuclear power plant not in danger of producing a nuclear explosion?

Accepted Answer

A)   Control rods are in place that absorb all the neutrons.
B)   The uranium-235 fuel is not pure enough.
C)   The uranium-235 fuel is kept cool by a cooling system.
D)   The uranium-235 fuel is not able to produce an explosive chain reaction.
E)   Nuclear explosions can only occur through fusion, not fission.

Question 16

Which process is not part of the pathway that produces 4He nuclides in our sun?

Accepted Answer

A)   (1p + 1p  →\rightarrow→ 2H +  β\betaβ ) 
B)   (2H + 1p  →\rightarrow→  3He) 
C)   (2 3He  →\rightarrow→ 4He + 2 1p
D)   (2 3He →\rightarrow→α\alphaα 10 + 2 1p) 
E)   (1p + 1n  →\rightarrow→ 2H)

Question 17

In 1989, two prominent electrochemists, Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann, erroneously proposed that they had observed cold fusion, which was the term used to describe anomalously high energy generation associated with the electrolysis of deuterium oxide (D2O or heavy water) . Calculate the energy released when deuterium nuclides (2.013553 u)  combine to produce a helium nuclide (4.001506 u) . (u = atomic mass unit)

Accepted Answer

A)   4 * 10-6 J
B)   4 * 10-8 J
C)   4*10-10 J
D)   4 *10-12 J
E)   4 *10-14 J

Question 18

Bombarding atoms with alpha particles is a common way to synthesize new nuclides. Ernest Rutherford produced oxygen-17 from nitrogen-14 this way in 1919. Write a balanced reaction equation for this synthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bombarding atoms with alpha particles is a...

Question 19

Radon-222 has a half-life of 3.8 days. A sample from a basement in Colorado was analyzed
5) 0 days after it was collected and found to have an activity of 0.17 Bq. What was the original activity of this sample?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.22 Bq
B)   0.32 Bq
C)   0.42 Bq
D)   0.62 Bq
E)   0.52 Bq

Question 20

Which graph below illustrates  α\alphaα  decay?

Accepted Answer

A)   I
B)   II
C)   III
D)   IV

Exam 21: Nuclear Chemistry: Applications to Energy and Medicine

Which of the following nuclides are most likely to be unstable because they have too many neutrons? I. carbon-14 II. sodium-24 III. silicon-26 IV. aluminum-27 V. phosphorus-31

Correct Answer
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B

Which reactant and product would balance the following nuclear reaction equation? Reactant + ¹²C $\rightarrow$ ¹¹B + product

Correct Answer
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The activity of a sample of gas obtained from a basement containing radon-222 was found to be 8 pCi/L. This isotope has a half-life of 3.8 days. If no additional radon-222 entered the basement, how long would it take for the activity to decline to 1 pCi/L?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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B

A half-life is ________

Correct Answer
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Phosphorus-32 is a radioactive isotope used as a tracer in the liver. How much phosphorus-32 was originally used if there is only 3.50 mg left in a sample after 288 h? (The half-life of phosphorus-32 is 14.3 days.)

Correct Answer
verified

If a nitrogen-14 nuclide captures an alpha particle, a proton is produced along with ________

Correct Answer
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Which of the following units is used to quantify the biological effects of radiation?

Correct Answer
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Electricity is produced from nuclear reactions by ________

Correct Answer
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Low-level nuclear waste from medical facilities generally requires only short-term storage before disposal because ________

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which type of radiation does the most tissue damage, but only when the emitter is internally ingested?

Correct Answer
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A

Correct Answer
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Why is a nuclear power plant not in danger of producing a nuclear explosion?

Correct Answer
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Which process is not part of the pathway that produces ⁴He nuclides in our sun?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Bombarding atoms with alpha particles is a common way to synthesize new nuclides. Ernest Rutherford produced oxygen-17 from nitrogen-14 this way in 1919. Write a balanced reaction equation for this synthesis.

Correct Answer
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Radon-222 has a half-life of 3.8 days. A sample from a basement in Colorado was analyzed 5) 0 days after it was collected and found to have an activity of 0.17 Bq. What was the original activity of this sample?

Correct Answer
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Which graph below illustrates $\alpha$ decay? $Which graph below illustrates \alpha decay? A) I B) II C) III D) IV$

Correct Answer
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Exam 21: Nuclear Chemistry: Applications to Energy and Medicine

Which of the following nuclides are most likely to be unstable because they have too many neutrons? I. carbon-14 II. sodium-24 III. silicon-26 IV. aluminum-27 V. phosphorus-31

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which reactant and product would balance the following nuclear reaction equation? Reactant + 12C →\rightarrow→ 11B + product

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The activity of a sample of gas obtained from a basement containing radon-222 was found to be 8 pCi/L. This isotope has a half-life of 3.8 days. If no additional radon-222 entered the basement, how long would it take for the activity to decline to 1 pCi/L?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedB

A half-life is ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phosphorus-32 is a radioactive isotope used as a tracer in the liver. How much phosphorus-32 was originally used if there is only 3.50 mg left in a sample after 288 h? (The half-life of phosphorus-32 is 14.3 days.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a nitrogen-14 nuclide captures an alpha particle, a proton is produced along with ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following units is used to quantify the biological effects of radiation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Electricity is produced from nuclear reactions by ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Low-level nuclear waste from medical facilities generally requires only short-term storage before disposal because ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of radiation does the most tissue damage, but only when the emitter is internally ingested?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is a nuclear power plant not in danger of producing a nuclear explosion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which process is not part of the pathway that produces 4He nuclides in our sun?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bombarding atoms with alpha particles is a common way to synthesize new nuclides. Ernest Rutherford produced oxygen-17 from nitrogen-14 this way in 1919. Write a balanced reaction equation for this synthesis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Radon-222 has a half-life of 3.8 days. A sample from a basement in Colorado was analyzed 5) 0 days after it was collected and found to have an activity of 0.17 Bq. What was the original activity of this sample?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which graph below illustrates α\alphaα decay?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
B

Which reactant and product would balance the following nuclear reaction equation? Reactant + ¹²C $\rightarrow$ ¹¹B + product

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which process is not part of the pathway that produces ⁴He nuclides in our sun?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which graph below illustrates $\alpha$ decay? $Which graph below illustrates \alpha decay? A) I B) II C) III D) IV$

Correct Answer
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