Question 1

Describe how Scott and colleagues used shaping to decrease the heart rate of a man suffering from chronic anxiety.

Accepted Answer

While a man watched television, the soun...

Question 2

Define shaping.

Accepted Answer

Shaping is a procedure for developing a ...

Question 3

State a rule for deciding when to move the learner to a new approximation (see p.69).

Accepted Answer

A guideline is: move to the next step wh...

Question 4

In terms of the three stages in a shaping procedure, describe how parents might shape their child to say a particular word.

Accepted Answer

(a)The final desired behavior is saying ...

Question 5

What is meant by the term starting behavior in a shaping program? 
Give an example.

Accepted Answer

The starting behavior of a shaping progr...

Question 6

Identify the three basic stages in any shaping procedure as presented at the beginning of this chapter, and describe them with an example (either Frank's case or an example of your own ).

Accepted Answer

(a)Specify the final desired behavior (e...

Question 7

Describe how computer technology might be used to study shaping more accurately than can be done with the usual noncomputerized shaping procedures.

Accepted Answer

Computers may be useful in precisely spe...

Question 8

Describe a behavior of yours that was shaped by consequences in the natural environment,, and state several of the initial approximations.

Accepted Answer

Any appropriate example.An exa...

Question 9

Why do we refer to positive reinforcement and operant extinction as principles but to shaping as a procedure? (Hint: See Chapter 1, p.10.)

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement and extinction wo...

Question 10

How do you know you have enough successive approximations or shaping steps of the right size?

Accepted Answer

You don't.You simply give it your best g...

Question 11

What is meant by the term final target behavior in a shaping program? 
Give an example.

Accepted Answer

The final target behavior in a shaping program is the final desired behavior, such as Frank's target behavior of jogging a quarter of a mile each day, described at the beginning of the chapter.Any appropriate example is acceptable.

Question 12

Why bother with shaping? Why not just learn about the use of straightforward positive reinforcement to increase a behavior?

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement can be ...

Question 13

Explain how shaping involves successive applications of the principles of positive reinforcement and operant extinction.

Accepted Answer

Approximation 1 is reinforced ...

Question 14

Describe how computer technology might be used to shape specific limb movements in a paralyzed person.

Accepted Answer

A TV camera could be focused on the specified limb of a paralyzed person.The camera could be hooked up to a computer that might record limb movements, set reinforcement for small shaping steps, backtrack to earlier steps if progress slows, and operate reinforcer mechanisms.Other plausible answers are acceptable.

Question 15

Give an example from your own experience of a final target behavior that might best be developed through a procedure other than shaping (see Guideline 1a, p.69).

Accepted Answer

An example could be any behavior that co...

Question 16

Why is it necessary to avoid underreinforcement at any shaping step?

Accepted Answer

Too few reinforcements at any ...

Question 17

Give an example of the Unaware-Misapplication Pitfall in which shaping might be accidentally applied to develop an undesirable behavior.
Describe some of the shaping steps in your example.

Accepted Answer

Any appropriate example is acc...

Question 18

Describe an experiment demonstrating that maladaptive behavior can be shaped.

Accepted Answer

Intermittent reinforcement is an arrange...

Question 19

Give an example of the Pitfall in which the failure to apply shaping might have an undesirable result.

Accepted Answer

Any appropriate example of a failure to apply shaping is acceptable, such as the following: Some parents may not be very responsive to their child's babbling behavior.If they expect too much from the child and do not reinforce approximations to normal speech, then the child might stay at the babbling level for a long time and thereby fail to acquire normal speech.

Question 20

List five dimensions of behavior that can be shaped.
Give two examples of each.

Accepted Answer

(a)Topography, such as shaping a child t...

Exam 7: Getting a New Behavior to Occur With Shaping

Describe how Scott and colleagues used shaping to decrease the heart rate of a man suffering from chronic anxiety.

Correct Answer
verified
While a man watched television, the soun...
View Answer

Define shaping.

Correct Answer
verified
Shaping is a procedure for developing a ...
View Answer

State a rule for deciding when to move the learner to a new approximation (see p.69).

Correct Answer
verified
A guideline is: move to the next step wh...
View Answer

In terms of the three stages in a shaping procedure, describe how parents might shape their child to say a particular word.

Correct Answer
verified
(a)The final desired behavior is saying ...
View Answer

What is meant by the term starting behavior in a shaping program? Give an example.

Correct Answer
verified
The starting behavior of a shaping progr...
View Answer

Identify the three basic stages in any shaping procedure as presented at the beginning of this chapter, and describe them with an example (either Frank's case or an example of your own ).

Correct Answer
verified
(a)Specify the final desired behavior (e...
View Answer

Describe how computer technology might be used to study shaping more accurately than can be done with the usual noncomputerized shaping procedures.

Correct Answer
verified
Computers may be useful in precisely spe...
View Answer

Describe a behavior of yours that was shaped by consequences in the natural environment,, and state several of the initial approximations.

Correct Answer
verified
Any appropriate example.An exa...
View Answer

Why do we refer to positive reinforcement and operant extinction as principles but to shaping as a procedure? (Hint: See Chapter 1, p.10.)

Correct Answer
verified
Positive reinforcement and extinction wo...
View Answer

How do you know you have enough successive approximations or shaping steps of the right size?

Correct Answer
verified
You don't.You simply give it your best g...
View Answer

What is meant by the term final target behavior in a shaping program? Give an example.

Correct Answer
verified
The final target behavior in a shaping program is the final desired behavior, such as Frank's target behavior of jogging a quarter of a mile each day, described at the beginning of the chapter.Any appropriate example is acceptable.

Why bother with shaping? Why not just learn about the use of straightforward positive reinforcement to increase a behavior?

Correct Answer
verified
Positive reinforcement can be ...
View Answer

Explain how shaping involves successive applications of the principles of positive reinforcement and operant extinction.

Correct Answer
verified
Approximation 1 is reinforced ...
View Answer

Describe how computer technology might be used to shape specific limb movements in a paralyzed person.

Give an example from your own experience of a final target behavior that might best be developed through a procedure other than shaping (see Guideline 1a, p.69).

Correct Answer
verified
An example could be any behavior that co...
View Answer

Why is it necessary to avoid underreinforcement at any shaping step?

Correct Answer
verified
Too few reinforcements at any ...
View Answer

Give an example of the Unaware-Misapplication Pitfall in which shaping might be accidentally applied to develop an undesirable behavior. Describe some of the shaping steps in your example.

Correct Answer
verified
Any appropriate example is acc...
View Answer

Describe an experiment demonstrating that maladaptive behavior can be shaped.

Correct Answer
verified
Intermittent reinforcement is an arrange...
View Answer

Give an example of the Pitfall in which the failure to apply shaping might have an undesirable result.

List five dimensions of behavior that can be shaped. Give two examples of each.

Correct Answer
verified
(a)Topography, such as shaping a child t...
View Answer

Exam 7: Getting a New Behavior to Occur With Shaping

Describe how Scott and colleagues used shaping to decrease the heart rate of a man suffering from chronic anxiety.

Correct AnswerverifiedWhile a man watched television, the soun...View AnswerShow Answer

Define shaping.

Correct AnswerverifiedShaping is a procedure for developing a ...View AnswerShow Answer

State a rule for deciding when to move the learner to a new approximation (see p.69).

Correct AnswerverifiedA guideline is: move to the next step wh...View AnswerShow Answer

In terms of the three stages in a shaping procedure, describe how parents might shape their child to say a particular word.

Correct Answerverified(a)The final desired behavior is saying ...View AnswerShow Answer

What is meant by the term starting behavior in a shaping program? Give an example.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe starting behavior of a shaping progr...View AnswerShow Answer

Identify the three basic stages in any shaping procedure as presented at the beginning of this chapter, and describe them with an example (either Frank's case or an example of your own ).

Correct Answerverified(a)Specify the final desired behavior (e...View AnswerShow Answer

Describe how computer technology might be used to study shaping more accurately than can be done with the usual noncomputerized shaping procedures.

Correct AnswerverifiedComputers may be useful in precisely spe...View AnswerShow Answer

Describe a behavior of yours that was shaped by consequences in the natural environment,, and state several of the initial approximations.

Correct AnswerverifiedAny appropriate example.An exa...View AnswerShow Answer

Why do we refer to positive reinforcement and operant extinction as principles but to shaping as a procedure? (Hint: See Chapter 1, p.10.)

Correct AnswerverifiedPositive reinforcement and extinction wo...View AnswerShow Answer

How do you know you have enough successive approximations or shaping steps of the right size?

Correct AnswerverifiedYou don't.You simply give it your best g...View AnswerShow Answer

What is meant by the term final target behavior in a shaping program? Give an example.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe final target behavior in a shaping program is the final desired behavior, such as Frank's target behavior of jogging a quarter of a mile each day, described at the beginning of the chapter.Any appropriate example is acceptable.

Why bother with shaping? Why not just learn about the use of straightforward positive reinforcement to increase a behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedPositive reinforcement can be ...View AnswerShow Answer

Explain how shaping involves successive applications of the principles of positive reinforcement and operant extinction.

Correct AnswerverifiedApproximation 1 is reinforced ...View AnswerShow Answer

Describe how computer technology might be used to shape specific limb movements in a paralyzed person.

Give an example from your own experience of a final target behavior that might best be developed through a procedure other than shaping (see Guideline 1a, p.69).

Correct AnswerverifiedAn example could be any behavior that co...View AnswerShow Answer

Why is it necessary to avoid underreinforcement at any shaping step?

Correct AnswerverifiedToo few reinforcements at any ...View AnswerShow Answer

Give an example of the Unaware-Misapplication Pitfall in which shaping might be accidentally applied to develop an undesirable behavior. Describe some of the shaping steps in your example.

Correct AnswerverifiedAny appropriate example is acc...View AnswerShow Answer

Describe an experiment demonstrating that maladaptive behavior can be shaped.

Correct AnswerverifiedIntermittent reinforcement is an arrange...View AnswerShow Answer

Give an example of the Pitfall in which the failure to apply shaping might have an undesirable result.

List five dimensions of behavior that can be shaped. Give two examples of each.

Correct Answerverified(a)Topography, such as shaping a child t...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
While a man watched television, the soun...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Shaping is a procedure for developing a ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
A guideline is: move to the next step wh...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
(a)The final desired behavior is saying ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
The starting behavior of a shaping progr...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
(a)Specify the final desired behavior (e...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Computers may be useful in precisely spe...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Any appropriate example.An exa...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Positive reinforcement and extinction wo...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
You don't.You simply give it your best g...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
The final target behavior in a shaping program is the final desired behavior, such as Frank's target behavior of jogging a quarter of a mile each day, described at the beginning of the chapter.Any appropriate example is acceptable.

Correct Answer
verified
Positive reinforcement can be ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Approximation 1 is reinforced ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
An example could be any behavior that co...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Too few reinforcements at any ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Any appropriate example is acc...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Intermittent reinforcement is an arrange...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
(a)Topography, such as shaping a child t...
View Answer