Question 1

Which of the following nitrogen bases is found only in RNA and NOT in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   cytosine
B)   adenine
C)   guanine
D)   uracil
E)   thymine

Question 2

Frameshift mutations can do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   insert or delete a DNA base.
B)   insert or eliminate an amino acid.
C)   change the protein's amino acid sequence.
D)   substitute one amino acid for another.
E)   render the protein useless to the cell.

Question 3

Which of the following terms is correctly matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

A)   Deletion mutations: Occur when one or more amino acids are removed from a protein sequence.
B)   Insertion mutations: Occur when a cell adds one or more nucleotides to its genome sequence.
C)   Point mutations: Occur when an incorrect carbohydrate is added.
D)   Substitution mutations: Occur when an incorrect fatty acid is added.
E)   Substitution mutations: Occur when an incorrect amino acid is added.

Question 4

DNA replication is a semiconservative process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following statements about thymine dimers is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are repaired by excision repair.
B)   They are repaired by one enzyme that can clip out, lay down new nucleotides, and seal the gap.
C)   Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum have faulty DNA repair mechanisms.
D)   If resulting mutations accumulate, it can result in cancers.
E)   They can be produced by exposure to UV light.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about specialized transduction?

Accepted Answer

A)   Specialized transduction always directs the production of new phage particles immediately upon infecting the host bacterium.
B)   Bacteriophage undergoing specialized transduction integrate their DNA into a random region of the host cell's genome.
C)   Specialized transduction requires that bacteriophage infect at least two different cells to be carried out.
D)   A bacteriophage may at some point become reactivated, excise itself and surrounding bacterial genes from the genome, and begin to build new phage particles.
E)   Specialized transduction occurs in all bacteriophage except the temperate phages.

Question 7

Using the central dogma of molecular biology, explain how an organism's genotype influences its phenotype.

Accepted Answer

An organism's genetic makeup or, genotyp...

Question 8

Where can the DNA of prokaryotic cells be found?

Accepted Answer

A)   nucleus
B)   nucleoid
C)   around histones
D)   nucleolus
E)   in numerous linear chromosomes

Question 9

Key mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   transposons.
B)   conjugation.
C)   transduction.
D)   transformation.
E)   reproduction.

Question 10

How does transformation differ from conjugation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Transformation requires only fresh DNA be used.
B)   Transformation involves a pilus.
C)   Transformation can only exchange DNA between bacteria of the same species.
D)   Transformation requires DNA to be on a plasmid.
E)   Transformation takes up DNA from the environment.

Question 11

Which of the following terms refers to the genetic makeup of an organism?

Accepted Answer

A)   primosome
B)   purine
C)   genotype
D)   heritable
E)   phenotype

Question 12

The primary flow of genetic information in cells is from

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA - protein - RNA.
B)   protein - RNA - DNA.
C)   RNA- DNA - protein.
D)   DNA - RNA - protein.
E)   protein - DNA- RNA.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about constitutive genes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   Constitutive genes produce their proteins when a cell encounters a specific environmental change.
B)   Constitutive genes are expressed at any given time.
C)   Constitutive genes function differently than facultative genes.
D)   Constitutive genes are referred to as housekeeping genes.
E)   Constitutive genes account for less than 20 percent of a cell's genes.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nonstandard amino acids are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
B)   There are hundreds of amino acids found in nature.
C)   There are 22 amino acids that are genetically encoded by codons.
D)   In some species, one stop codon has been swapped out for one of the nonstandard amino acids.
E)   Four amino acids are considered nonstandard.

Question 15

A mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Accepted Answer

A)   nonsense
B)   silent
C)   missense
D)   frameshift
E)   deletion

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the lagging strand is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   It synthesizes many RNA primers.
B)   It is where one would find Okazaki fragments.
C)   It is a discontinuous process.
D)   It uses only one molecule of DNA polymerase I.
E)   It builds in the opposite direction of the helix unwinding.

Question 17

Describe the four scenarios of Griffith's experiment in the 1920s and summarize the main conclusion.

Accepted Answer

In scenario 1, Griffith infected a mouse...

Question 18

Introns shouldn't be perceived as junk or a nuisance, rather, they provide an opportunity for genetic diversity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

mutagens are agents that can introduce genetic change through recombination.

Accepted Answer

A)   Frameshift
B)   Physical
C)   Chemical
D)   Organic
E)   Biological

Question 20

Which direction are phosphodiester bonds of DNA usually built in?

Accepted Answer

A)   3' -5'
B)   5' -1'
C)   1' -5'
D)   5' -3'
E)   Any direction is fine and will not affect the function of the DNA strand.

Exam 5: Genetics

Frameshift mutations can do all of the following except

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Where can the DNA of prokaryotic cells be found?

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Which of the following terms refers to the genetic makeup of an organism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Introns shouldn't be perceived as junk or a nuisance, rather, they provide an opportunity for genetic diversity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using the central dogma of molecular biology, explain how an organism's genotype influences its phenotype.

Correct AnswerverifiedAn organism's genetic makeup or, genotyp...View AnswerShow Answer

Describe the four scenarios of Griffith's experiment in the 1920s and summarize the main conclusion.

Correct AnswerverifiedIn scenario 1, Griffith infected a mouse...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following statements is false?

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Key mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer include all of the following except

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The primary flow of genetic information in cells is from

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DNA replication is a semiconservative process.

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How does transformation differ from conjugation?

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mutagens are agents that can introduce genetic change through recombination.

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Which of the following statements about thymine dimers is false?

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Which of the following statements is true about specialized transduction?

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Which of the following nitrogen bases is found only in RNA and NOT in DNA?

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Which of the following statements about the lagging strand is false?

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Which direction are phosphodiester bonds of DNA usually built in?

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Which of the following terms is correctly matched with its description?

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A mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

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Which of the following statements about constitutive genes is false?

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An organism's genetic makeup or, genotyp...
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In scenario 1, Griffith infected a mouse...
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