Question 1

Incoming waves slow down and rotate toward an orientation of being parallel to the shoreline. This process is known as__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   refluxing
B)   reflection
C)   relaxing
D)   refraction

Question 2

___________not the direct result of prevailing longshore current action.

Accepted Answer

A)   Fracturing, shattering, and abrasion of rock at the base of a wave- cut cliff are
B)   Transport of sand along the beach is
C)   Building and extension of spits are
D)   Closing off of small estuaries by baymouth bars is

Question 3

A(n) _________ current is a tidal current advancing into a shallow coastal zone, as it flows through a strait or inlet into a bay or estuary.

Accepted Answer

A)   ebb
B)   flood
C)   forward
D)   spring

Question 4

Swash and backwash describe_________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   the onshore and offshore movement of water relative to the beach by turbulent surf
B)   the oscillatory movement of water beneath a passing wave
C)   the swirling action and sand movements produced when a shallow water wave impinges on an shallow offshore bar
D)   the forward and backward water movements as storm waves reflect from a seawall or groin

Question 5

Which one of the following is an artificial (manmade)  feature constructed parallel to the shore?

Accepted Answer

A)   sand spit
B)   sea arch
C)   breakwater
D)   barrier island

Question 6

How thick are the storm- deposited, swaley, cross- stratified sand deposits that tend to be preserved in the lower shoreface?

Accepted Answer

A)   20- 35 m
B)   50- 125 m
C)   
D)   2- 15 m

Question 7

A _______is a structure built parallel to the shoreline to dissipate much of the energy from incoming waves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A _______is a structure built parallel to...

Question 8

Water movement and sand transport parallel to the beach are fundamentally caused by__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   strong, offshore winds creating a pileup of water along the beach front
B)   waves impinging obliquely onto a beach
C)   a long fetch parallel to the beach
D)   deep- water waves breaking offshore

Question 9

_________currents move sand and water parallel to the beach.

Accepted Answer

A)   Reflected
B)   Longshore
C)   Ebb tide
D)   Translational

Question 10

The foreshore zone is _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   found in estuaries behind barrier islands
B)   landward of stabilized dunes with permanent vegetation
C)   where the swash and backwash dominate between the low- tide and high- tide zones
D)   the stable part of the beach above the high- tide zone

Question 11

What current geologic processes ultimately doom any attempts to stabilize and preserve shorelines within a century or so?

Accepted Answer

A)   global plate motions and tectonic shifts
B)   gradual sea level rise of 1- 2 mm/year related to global warming
C)   loss of river discharge from dams and water use on most major rivers
D)   increasing storm severity

Question 12

___________directly generates the major surface currents in the world's oceans.

Accepted Answer

A)   Wind
B)   Longshore drift
C)   Seafloor spreading
D)   Gravity of the Sun and Moon

Question 13

A baymouth bar is_________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   a sand deposit on the seaward side of a tidal inlet to a large estuary
B)   a sand deposit extending from a headland partway across the entrance to a bay
C)   a sand deposit on the estuary side of gap in a barrier island
D)   a sand bar extending across the mouth blocking a former inlet to a bay or estuary

Question 14

The shorelines are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   dynamic landscape features balanced between erosion and deposition, by wind and waves
B)   principally molded by intermittent geologic cataclysms like earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions
C)   ancient geologic oddities, shaped long ago by continent and ocean geometries
D)   constant features determined only by sea level and elevation

Question 15

Associated with gaps in a barrier island, a tidal delta is deposited ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   by major sand movements during neap tides
B)   on the seaward side of a tidal inlet
C)   on the estuarine side of a tidal inlet
D)   in the water gap following stream piracy

Question 16

Longshore currents and sediment transport result from which situation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Incoming wave crests are perpendicular to the shoreline.
B)   Incoming wave crests are slightly oblique to the shoreline.
C)   Incoming wave crests are non- existent.
D)   Incoming wave crests are parallel to the shoreline.

Question 17

____________are constructed parallel to the shoreline and designed to reflect wave energy out to sea.

Accepted Answer

A)   Seawalls and breakwaters
B)   Tidal deltas
C)   Barrier islands
D)   Groins and jetties

Question 18

How much has global sea level risen in the past century from global warming and melting of ice caps?

Accepted Answer

A)   up to 25 cm
B)   2.5 cm
C)   25 m
D)   2.5 m

Question 19

Where is the world's greatest tidal range?

Accepted Answer

A)   The Coast of Brittany in France
B)   Belize in the tropics
C)   Greenland's north coast
D)   Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia

Question 20

How are spits and baymouth bars formed?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sand is transported by longshore currents and deposited where energy decreases.
B)   A headland is eroded and the sand is deposited in an offshore basin.
C)   Wave erosion cuts away both sides of a long sand bar, leaving a sand ridge aligned parallel to the shore.
D)   Sand eroded from a wave- cut cliff is deposited around sea stacks and arches.

Exam 11: The Ocean Floor

Where is the world's greatest tidal range?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A _______is a structure built parallel to the shoreline to dissipate much of the energy from incoming waves.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A(n) _________ current is a tidal current advancing into a shallow coastal zone, as it flows through a strait or inlet into a bay or estuary.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The shorelines are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_________currents move sand and water parallel to the beach.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____________are constructed parallel to the shoreline and designed to reflect wave energy out to sea.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water movement and sand transport parallel to the beach are fundamentally caused by__________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

___________directly generates the major surface currents in the world's oceans.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How thick are the storm- deposited, swaley, cross- stratified sand deposits that tend to be preserved in the lower shoreface?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How are spits and baymouth bars formed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Swash and backwash describe_________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How much has global sea level risen in the past century from global warming and melting of ice caps?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

___________not the direct result of prevailing longshore current action.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The foreshore zone is _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A baymouth bar is_________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Associated with gaps in a barrier island, a tidal delta is deposited ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Incoming waves slow down and rotate toward an orientation of being parallel to the shoreline. This process is known as__________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What current geologic processes ultimately doom any attempts to stabilize and preserve shorelines within a century or so?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is an artificial (manmade) feature constructed parallel to the shore?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Longshore currents and sediment transport result from which situation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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