Question 1

Which of the following amino acids is glucogenic in the post-absorptive state?

Accepted Answer

A)   taurine
B)   leucine
C)   alanine
D)   lysine

Question 2

What amino acid plays an important role in controlling toxicity from ammonia released during amino acid catabolism by the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)   glutamine
B)   glycine
C)   serine
D)   valine

Question 3

In the human, most triacylglyerols are synthesized by the

Accepted Answer

A)   adipose tissue.
B)   heart.
C)   liver.
D)   brain.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT transported by the vascular system?

Accepted Answer

A)   regulatory hormonal messages from the endocrine system
B)   oxygen from the respiratory system
C)   regulatory neural messages from the nervous system
D)   organic nutrients and minerals from the digestive system

Question 5

What is the limitation that shifts the predominant use of fat for energy at low-intensity exercise to the predominant use of carbohydrate oxidation at high-intensity exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)   rate of production of ATP
B)   rate of mobilization of fatty acids from the adipocytes
C)   rate of transamination of amino acids
D)   rate of muscle glycogen breakdown

Question 6

In the fasted state, you would find:

Accepted Answer

A)   dephosphorylated glycogen synthase.
B)   an increase in the amount of hexokinase.
C)   allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase by NAD.
D)   induction of pyruvate carboxylase.
E)   more than one of the above

Question 7

What is the final common catabolic pathway for metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat?

Accepted Answer

A)   acetyl-CoA; oxidation
B)   gluconeogenesis; glycolysis
C)   Krebs cycle; electron transport
D)   lipolysis; ketogenesis

Question 8

Under the influence of insulin, which of the following pathways is increased?

Accepted Answer

A)   glycogenesis
B)   glycogenolysis
C)   phosphorylation of glycogen synthase
D)   phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase A

Question 9

What intermediate's formation in the Krebs cycle is interrelated with the biosynthesis of heme?

Accepted Answer

A)   succinyl-CoA
B)   oxaloacetate
C)   citrate
D)   fumarate

Question 10

In which organ does urea synthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   kidney
B)   spleen
C)   liver
D)   pancreas

Question 11

During exercise, which of the following contributes only minimally to the amount of ATP used by working muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)   muscle glycogen
B)   blood glucose
C)   plasma fatty acids
D)   oxidation of amino acids

Question 12

A protein-sparing shift in metabolism from gluconeogenesis to lipolysis occurs during the

Accepted Answer

A)   early fasting state.
B)   fasting state.
C)   starvation state.
D)   fed state.

Question 13

Which amino acid produced by transamination of pyruvate with glutamic acid provides a disposal route for nitrogen produced from the catabolism of muscle amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)   histidine
B)   tyrosine
C)   tryptophan
D)   alanine

Question 14

Amino acids from muscle breakdown provide the chief substrate for which metabolic process?

Accepted Answer

A)   glycolysis
B)   gluconeogenesis
C)   glycogenesis
D)   pentose phosphate pathway

Question 15

Training enhances utilization of fat as the primary energy substrate during submaximal exercise due to

Accepted Answer

A)   enhanced activity of glycolytic enzymes.
B)   enhanced activity of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes.
C)   enhanced glucose uptake.
D)   decreased carnitine acyltransferase. B

Question 16

Which of the following actions of insulin occurs only after hours or days?

Accepted Answer

A)   membrane changes for glucose transport
B)   inhibition of activity of catabolic enzymes
C)   repression of synthesis of catabolic enzymes
D)   promotion of cell replication

Question 17

Which amino acid is considered purely ketogenic?

Accepted Answer

A)   methionine
B)   histidine
C)   tryptophan
D)   leucine

Question 18

After three days of starvation, what proportion of the energy needs of the brain is supplied by ketones?

Accepted Answer

A)   one-eighth
B)   one-fourth
C)   one-third
D)   one-half

Question 19

How long does it take for the postabsorptive state to evolve into the fasting state?

Accepted Answer

A)   12-18 hours
B)   24-36 hours
C)   18-48 hours
D)   36-72 hours

Question 20

What is the preferred source of energy used by muscles to spare protein during prolonged starvation?

Accepted Answer

A)   ketones
B)   glucose
C)   fatty acids
D)   amino acids A

Exam 7: Integration and Regulation of Metabolismand the Impact of Exercise and Sport

Which of the following amino acids is glucogenic in the post-absorptive state?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What amino acid plays an important role in controlling toxicity from ammonia released during amino acid catabolism by the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the human, most triacylglyerols are synthesized by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT transported by the vascular system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the limitation that shifts the predominant use of fat for energy at low-intensity exercise to the predominant use of carbohydrate oxidation at high-intensity exercise?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the fasted state, you would find:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the final common catabolic pathway for metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under the influence of insulin, which of the following pathways is increased?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

What intermediate's formation in the Krebs cycle is interrelated with the biosynthesis of heme?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which organ does urea synthesis occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During exercise, which of the following contributes only minimally to the amount of ATP used by working muscles?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A protein-sparing shift in metabolism from gluconeogenesis to lipolysis occurs during the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which amino acid produced by transamination of pyruvate with glutamic acid provides a disposal route for nitrogen produced from the catabolism of muscle amino acids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Amino acids from muscle breakdown provide the chief substrate for which metabolic process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Training enhances utilization of fat as the primary energy substrate during submaximal exercise due to

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following actions of insulin occurs only after hours or days?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which amino acid is considered purely ketogenic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After three days of starvation, what proportion of the energy needs of the brain is supplied by ketones?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How long does it take for the postabsorptive state to evolve into the fasting state?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the preferred source of energy used by muscles to spare protein during prolonged starvation?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

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A

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B

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A