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(Last Word) When they were first introduced, ATMs


A) were a substitute for bank tellers, but eventually became a complement.
B) were a substitute for bank tellers, and their existence has continued to depress the demand for tellers.
C) were a complement to bank tellers, but over time have replaced them.
D) had no effect on the demand for bank tellers.

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Other things being equal, the elasticity of demand for labor will be greater the


A) smaller the proportion of total costs accountable for by labor costs.
B) smaller the elasticity of demand for the product it produces.
C) larger the number of close substitute resources available.
D) more rapid the decline in its marginal productivity.

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The labor demand curve of a firm


A) will shift to the left if the price of the product that the labor is producing falls.
B) is perfectly elastic if the firm is selling its product in a purely competitive market.
C) reflects a direct relationship between the number of workers hired and the money wage rate.
D) is the same as its marginal product curve.

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The fact that monopoly and monopsony exist in resource markets means that


A) the marginal productivity theory of income distribution is valid.
B) resource prices do not always measure contributions to output.
C) the resulting income distribution is ethically correct.
D) income shares do not exhaust the total output.

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Which of the following statements is most accurate about the occupations projected to be the fastest growing in the U.S.in terms of percentage increases?


A) The majority are in engineering professions.
B) The majority are in manufacturing industries.
C) The majority are in health care related professions.
D) The majority are in unskilled jobs.

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An increase in the demand for HDTV sets leads to an increase in demand for LCD and LED TV screens.This situation arises because


A) LCD and LED screens minimize the costs of production.
B) the supply of LCD and LED screens has decreased.
C) the demand for LCD and LED screens is a derived demand.
D) of foreign production of LCD and LED screens.

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The labor demand curve of a firm that sells its product in an imperfectly competitive market


A) is downsloping, solely because of the law of diminishing returns.
B) is downsloping and flatter than the labor demand curve of a firm that sells its product in a purely competitive market.
C) is upsloping.
D) is downsloping because of both declining marginal productivity and declining product prices as quantity increases.

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The demand for labor is a derived demand, whereas the demand for capital is not.

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Resource pricing is important because


A) resource prices are a major determinant of money incomes.
B) resource prices allocate scarce resources among alternative uses.
C) resource prices, along with resource productivity, are important to firms in minimizing their costs.
D) of all of these reasons.

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The marginal productivity theory of income distribution holds that all resources are paid according to their marginal contribution to society's output.

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If MPx > MPy, a firm should hire more x and less y.

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Other things being equal, a labor union will find it harder to obtain a wage increase for its members the


A) less elastic is the demand for the product labor produces.
B) easier it is to substitute other resources for labor.
C) greater the amount of unionization in the industry.
D) less elastic is the demand for labor.

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A change in a factor's price will have a greater effect on the quantity of the factor demanded the


A) smaller the change in the factor's price.
B) smaller the factor's share of total cost of production.
C) more elastic is the demand for the product the factor helps to make.
D) more inelastic is the demand for the product the factor helps to make.

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The marginal revenue product of labor refers to the


A) additional output produced by adding one more unit of labor.
B) marginal product of an additional unit of labor.
C) additional revenue resulting from using one more unit of labor.
D) number of units of output produced by a given number of units of labor.

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The change in a firm's total revenue that results from hiring an additional worker is measured by


A) the marginal product.
B) the marginal revenue.
C) the marginal revenue product.
D) the average revenue product.

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If two resources are complementary, an increase in the price of one will increase the demand for the other.

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The marginal resource cost of labor for a firm refers to the


A) additional cost of each additional unit of labor employed.
B) additional cost of producing each extra unit of output.
C) same concept as the marginal cost of the firm.
D) same concept as the marginal revenue product of a firm.

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When economists say that the demand for labor is a derived demand, they mean that it is


A) dependent on government expenditures for public goods and services.
B) related to the demand for the product or service labor is producing.
C) based on the desire of businesses to exploit labor by paying below equilibrium wage rates.
D) based on the assumption that workers are trying to maximize their money incomes.

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A competitive employer is using labor in such an amount that labor's MRP is $10 and its wage rate is $8.This firm


A) should hire more labor because this will increase profits.
B) should hire more labor, although this may either increase or decrease profits.
C) is currently hiring the profit-maximizing amount of labor.
D) is selling its product in an imperfectly competitive market.

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An employer hiring in a competitive labor market should hire additional labor as long as


A) the MRP exceeds the wage rate.
B) the wage rate is less than MP.
C) average product exceeds MP.
D) MC exceeds MR.

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