A) Coxiella burnetii - Q fever
B) Yersinia pestis - plague
C) Bartonella henselae - cat-scratch disease
D) Rickettsia typhi - Rocky Mountain spotted fever
E) Bartonella quintana - trench fever
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A) Viral antigens can be detected at high levels in the blood within days following infection, then their numbers fall dramatically during a latent period and rise again when AIDS
Symptoms occur.
B) Antibodies to HIV antigens formed in response to HIV infection appear within a few weeks of infection and remain high through latency and AIDS.
C) An HIV-positive individual in the latency phase can be distinguished from an uninfected individual by the presence of antibodies to HIV antigens in their blood.
D) CD4 T cells are present in low numbers in an uninfected individual, but become elevated upon HIV infection, and ultimately fall to very low numbers (<200 cells/ml) as the infection
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D
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A) ?ies
B) ?eas
C) droplets
D) lice
E) ticks
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E
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A) Rocky Mountain spotted fever
B) Q fever
C) Cat-scratch fever
D) Chikungunya
E) Trench fever
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A) AIDS patients can get unusual cancers and neurological disorders.
B) AIDS patients have an immunodeficiency.
C) The highest number of AIDS cases worldwide is in the United States.
D) AIDS patients have a CD4 T-cell titer below 200 cells/mm3 of blood.
E) AIDS patients get repeated, life-threatening, opportunistic infections.
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A) bacterium
B) prion
C) virus
D) protozoan
E) fungus
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D
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A) Borrelia burgdorferi changes its surface antigens to avoid immune recognition.
B) Bacillus anthracis produces antioxidants to combat lysosomes.
C) Coxiella burnetii produces an endospore-like structure.
D) Trypanosoma cruzi cloaks itself in host proteins to avoid immune recognition.
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A) An effective vaccine is available for prevention in endemic areas.
B) It is caused by a fungal pathogen.
C) It is transmitted by respiratory droplets.
D) Late-stage disease is characterized by autoimmune reactions in the host.
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A) treated with a 3-6 week course of antibiotics
B) seen in patients as a fluctuating fever, with headache, muscle pain, and weakness
C) diagnosed with serological testing of the patient's blood
D) an occupational illness of people who work with animals
E) All of the choices are correct.
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A) It is a gram-positive bacillus.
B) A capsule and exotoxins are virulence factors.
C) Its reservoir includes grazing animals and soil.
D) It grows primarily under anaerobic conditions.
E) It is capable of forming endospores.
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A) Does she have an abnormal heart valve or a murmur?
B) Could she have AIDS?
C) Could she have contracted this from a mosquito bite, since she does so much gardening?
D) Is this infection related to menopause?
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A) The causative bacterium is transmitted by Ixodes ticks.
B) Infections are seen in highest numbers in the Rocky Mountains.
C) An infection rarely has complications beyond mild discomfort.
D) Disease symptoms include fever, headache, and rash.
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A) PCR is the primary technique for detecting HIV in blood.
B) The virus can enter into nervous tissues and cause abnormalities.
C) The virus becomes latent in host cells.
D) The viral DNA integrates into the host DNA.
E) The virus attaches to host cells with CD4 receptors.
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A) A patient exhibits fever, headache, nausea, and weakness.
B) It is transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
C) An infection can progress to septicemia.
D) It is caused by Yersinia pestis.
E) A patient often has enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.
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A) Ebola
B) Lassa fever
C) Dengue fever
D) Marburg
E) Chikungunya
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A) promptly cleaning any scratch wound
B) animal control
C) avoiding environments with ticks
D) avoiding unpasteurized milk
E) vaccination
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A) quinine
B) penicillin
C) decided after consultation with the CDC
D) the Bio-Thrax vaccine
E) cipro?oxacin
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A) most HIV-positive patients are also intravenous drug users and require chemotherapy for their addiction
B) multiple antibiotics and antivirals should kill HIV and any resistant strains that might arise
C) the sooner s/he is treated with antivirals, the more likely it is that the virus will be eliminated from their blood
D) s/he is susceptible to a variety of opportunistic infections and AIDS-defining illnesses
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A) It is naturally occurring worldwide in soil, and intentional release may not be suspected.
B) It forms endospores that can be stored in powder form indefinitely.
C) Pulmonary anthrax is rapidly fatal.
D) Vaccination is not widespread in the United States.
E) All of these choices are correct.
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