Question 1

Regarding the professions of psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   To work as a clinical or counseling psychologist, you must have a license issued by a state examining board.
B)   Clinical psychologists who have a Psy.D.degree tend to emphasize research over therapy.
C)   Unlicensed persons may continue to practice "therapy" as long as they do not call themselves psychologists.
D)   A licensed psychologist who chooses to use a particular type of therapy is not the same as someone trained solely in that technique.

Question 2

Benita is studying the different management styles of female CEOs versus male CEOs.Benita is most likely a _________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)   comparative
B)   gender
C)   learning
D)   developmental

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a step in a psychological experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)   varying a condition you believe might affect behavior
B)   creating two similar groups of subjects
C)   administering the same independent variable to both groups
D)   recording whether the condition has any effect on behavior

Question 4

An experiment is performed to see if background music improves learning.Two groups study the same material, one while listening to music and another without music.The independent variable is

Accepted Answer

A)   learning.
B)   the size of the group.
C)   the material studied.
D)   music.

Question 5

Naturalistic observation, correlational studies, case studies, and the survey method are all considered nonexperimental methods.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Psychology is currently defined as the

Accepted Answer

A)   empirical study of the human personality.
B)   study of individual differences in the group behavior of humans and animals.
C)   scientific study of overt behavior and mental processes.
D)   scientific study of the relationship between mind and body.

Question 7

Margot believes that people from New York City are rude.Her belief is based on

Accepted Answer

A)   ​empirical evidence.
B)   ​intersubjective data.
C)   limited causal observations or hearsay.
D)   ​objective data gained through scientific observations.

Question 8

A psychologist whose viewpoint is psychodynamic

Accepted Answer

A)   focuses on self-image and self-actualization to explain behavior.
B)   believes behavior is directed by unconscious forces within one's personality.
C)   emphasizes the study of observable behavior.
D)   emphasizes subjective factors and personal growth.

Question 9

Which of the following groups serves as a point of reference for a comparison of results in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)   independent group
B)   experimental group
C)   control group
D)   dependent group

Question 10

In shaping our personalities, Freud stressed the role of

Accepted Answer

A)   self-actualization.
B)   conditioned responses.
C)   rewards and punishments.
D)   unconscious conflicts.

Question 11

Since you are the only person who can directly observe the inner workings of your own mind, early psychologists would have studied your mind by relying upon your subjective ability to "look inward" at your own thoughts and feelings and report what you had observed.This technique being used is called

Accepted Answer

A)   ​introspection.
B)   ​meta-analysis.
C)   ​transduction.
D)   ​dissociation.

Question 12

Brain mechanisms involved in hunger and thirst would most likely be studied by a

Accepted Answer

A)   personality theorist.
B)   sensory psychologist.
C)   learning theorist.
D)   biopsychologist.

Question 13

An industrial psychologist uses psychometric tests and interviews to select the best candidate for a specialized task.The psychologist's work directly illustrates which goal of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   description
B)   understanding
C)   prediction
D)   control

Question 14

If you are a psychologist and your job involves expanding the market for products that are environmentally friendly, then you are most likely a(n) __________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)   community
B)   comparative
C)   consumer
D)   industrial-organizational

Question 15

A psychologist observes the confrontation between two rival neighborhood gangs from the window of an abandoned building.This method of collecting observations is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)   experimental regression.
B)   naturalistic observation.
C)   controlled experimentation.
D)   clinical case study.

Question 16

We wish to test the hypothesis that music improves learning.Random assignment into two groups, one that listens to music and one that studies in silence, controls for

Accepted Answer

A)   the students' inherent academic ability.
B)   the students' use of different study strategies.
C)   the amount of sleep students had prior to the experiment.
D)   all of these.

Question 17

My cat knows when I am upset and comes and comforts me.In psychology this is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   psychological personification.
B)   the observer effect.
C)   the biopsychology effect.
D)   the anthropomorphic error.

Question 18

B.F.Skinner encouraged the use of punishment because of its effectiveness in teaching correct responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

You caution a friend about eating so many foods that are high in fat content.Your friend replies that his grandfather ate all the bacon and cheese he wanted, and he lived to be 93.Which of the following is the BEST explanation for your friend's error in reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)   the Barnum effect
B)   the use of individual cases
C)   the self-fulfilling prophecy
D)   the fallacy of negative instances

Question 20

Which psychologists would most likely equally engage in both applied and basic research?

Accepted Answer

A)   industrial-organizational
B)   health
C)   engineering
D)   social

Exam 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Which of the following groups serves as a point of reference for a comparison of results in an experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Benita is studying the different management styles of female CEOs versus male CEOs.Benita is most likely a _________ psychologist.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An experiment is performed to see if background music improves learning.Two groups study the same material, one while listening to music and another without music.The independent variable is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brain mechanisms involved in hunger and thirst would most likely be studied by a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Naturalistic observation, correlational studies, case studies, and the survey method are all considered nonexperimental methods.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

My cat knows when I am upset and comes and comforts me.In psychology this is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An industrial psychologist uses psychometric tests and interviews to select the best candidate for a specialized task.The psychologist's work directly illustrates which goal of psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

B.F.Skinner encouraged the use of punishment because of its effectiveness in teaching correct responses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a step in a psychological experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychologist whose viewpoint is psychodynamic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding the professions of psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In shaping our personalities, Freud stressed the role of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you are a psychologist and your job involves expanding the market for products that are environmentally friendly, then you are most likely a(n) __________ psychologist.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You caution a friend about eating so many foods that are high in fat content.Your friend replies that his grandfather ate all the bacon and cheese he wanted, and he lived to be 93.Which of the following is the BEST explanation for your friend's error in reasoning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychology is currently defined as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We wish to test the hypothesis that music improves learning.Random assignment into two groups, one that listens to music and one that studies in silence, controls for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Margot believes that people from New York City are rude.Her belief is based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which psychologists would most likely equally engage in both applied and basic research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychologist observes the confrontation between two rival neighborhood gangs from the window of an abandoned building.This method of collecting observations is best described as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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