A) Ernest Hartmann's theory of dreams.
B) the activation-synthesis hypothesis.
C) Fritz Perls' methods of dream interpretation.
D) the neurocognitive dream theory.
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A) are reversed by a single night's rest.
B) require a long period of bed rest for recovery.
C) are irreversible.
D) can be prevented by consuming caffeine.
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A) psilocybin.
B) marijuana.
C) hashish.
D) mescaline.
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A) irreversible psychological damage.
B) to experience hallucinations, delusions, and disorientation.
C) difficulty in getting to sleep.
D) minor but lasting changes in mood and personality.
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A) withdrawal symptoms
B) reduced activity of neurotransmitters
C) psychological dependence
D) drug tolerance
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A) Major muscles appear paralyzed during REM sleep.
B) Both males and females display sexual arousal for all REM sleep with this arousal not being strictly related to erotic dreams.
C) You usually dream as soon as you enter Stage 1 sleep.
D) Some eye movements during REM sleep correspond to the activities occurring in the dreams.
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A) narcotic.
B) depressant.
C) sedative.
D) stimulant.
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A) Because drugs like pain killers, sleep aids, and antidepressants are easy to abuse, the more powerful psychoactive drugs are controlled substances.
B) Experimental and social-recreational uses of drugs are classified as types of drug abuse.
C) The abuse of more than one drug at the same time is referred to as polydrug use.
D) Some people remain social drinkers for life, whereas others become alcoholics within weeks of taking their first drink.
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A) amphetamines.
B) uppers.
C) downers.
D) hallucinogens.
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A) Hypnosis has no more effect on physical strength than instructions that encourage a person to make his or her best effort.
B) No state has barred persons from testifying in court if they were hypnotized to improve their memory of the crime they witnessed.
C) When a person is told not to remember something heard during hypnosis, a brief memory loss does seem to occur, although this may be only a deliberate attempt to avoid thinking about specific ideas.
D) Given the proper instructions under hypnosis, a person can be made to smell a small bottle of ammonia and respond as if it were a wonderful perfume.
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A) dry out.
B) support and encourage.
C) remove poison.
D) restore health.
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A) Hypnosis was introduced by the Austrian physician Karl Zener.
B) Hypnosis is characterized by brain wave patterns similar to sleep.
C) Hypnosis is an altered state characterized by narrowed attention and increased openness to suggestion.
D) Hypnosis is a sleep state in which the subjects are partially aware of their actions and able to perform many activities not normally carried out during sleep.
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A) experiencing lucid dreaming.
B) experiencing altered states of consciousness.
C) undergoing condensation of their mental processes.
D) exhibiting histrionic personalities.
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A) relaxation
B) pain relief
C) increase in anxiety at high doses
D) impairment in breathing at high doses
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A) writing down the nightmare
B) changing the dream the way you wish
C) mentally rehearsing the dream you want
D) decreasing your amount of sleep time
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A) lifestyle changes and behavioral techniques.
B) nonprescription sleeping pills such as Sominex, Nytol, and Sleep-Eze.
C) barbiturates or other prescription sedatives.
D) newer drugs, such as Ambien and Lunesta.
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A) the alcohol reacts with the estrogen levels in the women's bodies.
B) women tend to drink mixed drinks rather than beer.
C) the alcohol is absorbed slower and metabolized faster by women's bodies.
D) the alcohol is absorbed faster and metabolized slower by women's bodies.
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A) NREM sleep is dream free about 90 percent of the time with NREM "dreams" mainly being just fleeting thoughts and images.
B) Slow-wave NREM sleep reduces the overall activation of the brain.
C) NREM sleep is deepest early in the night during the first few Stage 4 periods.
D) Daytime stress tends to increase NREM sleep, which may rise dramatically when there is a death in the family, trouble at work, a marital conflict, or other emotionally charged event.
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A) Nightmare sufferers can use imagery rehearsal to modify their nightmares.
B) Using dreams is only helpful for imaginative people in solving problems.
C) History is full of cases where dreams have been a pathway to creativity and discovery.
D) If you "set" yourself (intently visualizing and thinking about a problem you wish to solve) before going to bed, you will improve your chances of solving the problem.
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A) hypersomnolence disorder.
B) REM sleep behavior disorder.
C) narcolepsy.
D) sleep apnea.
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