Question 1

Whereas structuralists were concerned with the study ofconscious experiences, functionalists abandoned the study ofconscious experiences, favoring the study of overt measurable behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following statements about Mary Whiton Calkinsis TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  She was the first woman to study with Wilhelm Wundt and receive a Ph.D.in psychology from Leipzig University.
B)  She was the first woman president of the American Psychological Association and conducted research on dreams, memory, and personality.
C)  In 1908 she published an influential textbook titled The Animal Mind.
D)  She was a comparative psychologist who conducted groundbreaking research on the giant panda.

Question 3

The experimental method is a research method used to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships by purposely manipulating one factor thought to produce change in another factor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In critically evaluating a media report about a psychological finding or study, you should:

Accepted Answer

A)  always remember that the terms correlation and causality mean the same thing.
B)  look for the elements of good research design, including operational definitions of the variables and the use of control of groups.
C)   remember that some of the most compelling scientific evidence is anecdotal evidence.
D)  assume that the reporter understands all the details of the study.

Question 5

In the ginkgo biloba experiment, some participants took themanufacturer's recommended daily dosage of the supplementwhile others were given an identical dosage of a substance called the _____, which had no known direct effects.

Accepted Answer

A)  treatment drug
B)  placebo
C)  double-blind substance
D)  extraneous substance

Question 6

The practice of applying magnets to the body to supposedlytreat various conditions and ailments is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) .
B)  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) .
C)  magnet therapy.
D)  positron emission tomography (PET) .

Question 7

Lynn has just received a research grant to study the effect ofdownsizing on morale at a large computer company. Lynn ismost likely a(n)  _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-cultural
B)  biological
C)  industrial/organizational
D)  personality

Question 8

As a psychology researcher, you have found that the publicexpression of emotions differs among people from the UnitedStates, Japan, Switzerland, and Israel. This type of research fitsbest with which perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary
B)  cross-cultural
C)  cognitive
D)  humanistic

Question 9

Biological psychology, also known as biopsychology, was formerly called physiological psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Dr. Kiecolt-Glaser is a health psychologist studying whether stress impairs the body's ability to heal. In the highly stressfull week before final exams, dental students are given an oralpunch biopsy-a small sample of gum tissue is removed. The number of days for the oral wound to completely heal is recorded. The same dental students receive a second oral punchbiopsy during summer vacation. Once again, the number ofdays until the oral wound completely healed was recorded.What is the independent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  number of days for the oral wound to heal
B)  whether the oral wound was created during a high stress or low stress period
C)  whether the dental students were working or relaxing during the summer vacation
D)  average number of hours of sleep the students experienced in the day immediately following the gum wound

Question 11

Three of the individuals pictured played key roles in establishing the approach topsychology called behaviorism. Which person was NOT involved in establishingbehaviorism?

Accepted Answer

A)  a
B)  b
C)  c
D)  d

Question 12

A correlational study:

Accepted Answer

A)  examines how strongly two variables are related to one another.
B)  can be used to establish a cause-and-effect realtionship.
C)  is no longer allowed under today's ethicalguidelines.
D)  has little utility, since it is merely descriptive.

Question 13

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow emphasized how unconscious processes could be the cause of serious psychological problems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In contrast to the experimental method, the basic goal of thedescriptive method is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  investigate and refute "common sense" notions about human behavior.
B)  manipulate variables in a meaningful way.
C)  deduce valid operational definitions and generate new experiments.
D)  observe and describe behavior.

Question 15

In scientific research, experimental controls are:

Accepted Answer

A)  specific strategies and procedures to help minimize the possibility that extraneous variables will influence the outcome of the experiment.
B)  the changes in the dependent variable attributable to the participant's belifes or expectaions.
C)  the participants who are assigned to the controlgroup.
D)  the change in the independent variable that is a direct result of the manipulation of the dependent variable.

Question 16

Structuralism:

Accepted Answer

A)  promoted the use of nonhuman animals to study brain functions.
B)  ended when Descartes demonstrated that the brain consisted of multiple structures, not one.
C)  was based on the idea that even our most complex conscious experiences could be broken down into basic mental "structures" of sensations and feelings.
D)  contended that basic human thoughts are contained in common genetic structures that are passed from generation to generation.

Question 17

According to the evolutionary perspective, psychological processes that were adaptations to a prehistoric way of life may continue to exist in the human behavioral repertoire today.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Researchers were interested in the effects of alcohol consumption on the perceived attractiveness of members of the opposite sex. One group of participants was given 4 drinks containing alcohol, another group was given 4 drinks that didnot contain alcohol, but both the alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks tasted identical. A final group was given no drinks at all.Next, all three groups of participants rated the attractiveness ofmembers of the opposite sex by viewing pictures and rating attractiveness on a 1-to-10 scale. Why did the researchers include a group that drank 4 nonalcoholic beverages that tasted identical to the alcoholic beverages?

Accepted Answer

A)  encourage practice effects
B)  examine expectancy effects
C)  eliminate random assignment
D)  manipulate demand characteristics

Question 19

Which of the following statements about clinical psychologists is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have extensive training in evaluating and diagnosing psychological disorders, psychotherapy techniques, and psychological testing.
B)  They study the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of different types of behavioral and emotional disorders, such as anxiety, mood, or eating disorders.
C)  Their training leads to a doctorate in clinical psychology, either a Ph.D.or a Psy.D.
D)  As a regular part of their training, they are supervised in prescribing medications, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) , transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) , and other medical procedures.

Question 20

Harvard University awarded Mary Whiton Calkins her Ph.D.,but only after William James intervened on her behalf.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

The experimental method is a research method used to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships by purposely manipulating one factor thought to produce change in another factor.

Correct Answer
verified

In critically evaluating a media report about a psychological finding or study, you should:

Correct Answer
verified

As a psychology researcher, you have found that the publicexpression of emotions differs among people from the UnitedStates, Japan, Switzerland, and Israel. This type of research fitsbest with which perspective in psychology?

Correct Answer
verified

Whereas structuralists were concerned with the study ofconscious experiences, functionalists abandoned the study ofconscious experiences, favoring the study of overt measurable behavior.

Correct Answer
verified

In the ginkgo biloba experiment, some participants took themanufacturer's recommended daily dosage of the supplementwhile others were given an identical dosage of a substance called the _____, which had no known direct effects.

Correct Answer
verified

In scientific research, experimental controls are:

Correct Answer
verified

Biological psychology, also known as biopsychology, was formerly called physiological psychology.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow emphasized how unconscious processes could be the cause of serious psychological problems.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about clinical psychologists is FALSE?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about Mary Whiton Calkinsis TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the evolutionary perspective, psychological processes that were adaptations to a prehistoric way of life may continue to exist in the human behavioral repertoire today.

Correct Answer
verified

Three of the individuals pictured played key roles in establishing the approach topsychology called behaviorism. Which person was NOT involved in establishingbehaviorism?

Correct Answer
verified

Structuralism:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Lynn has just received a research grant to study the effect ofdownsizing on morale at a large computer company. Lynn ismost likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

Correct Answer
verified

A correlational study:

Correct Answer
verified

The practice of applying magnets to the body to supposedlytreat various conditions and ailments is called:

Correct Answer
verified

Harvard University awarded Mary Whiton Calkins her Ph.D.,but only after William James intervened on her behalf.

Correct Answer
verified

In contrast to the experimental method, the basic goal of thedescriptive method is to:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

The experimental method is a research method used to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships by purposely manipulating one factor thought to produce change in another factor.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In critically evaluating a media report about a psychological finding or study, you should:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a psychology researcher, you have found that the publicexpression of emotions differs among people from the UnitedStates, Japan, Switzerland, and Israel. This type of research fitsbest with which perspective in psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Whereas structuralists were concerned with the study ofconscious experiences, functionalists abandoned the study ofconscious experiences, favoring the study of overt measurable behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the ginkgo biloba experiment, some participants took themanufacturer's recommended daily dosage of the supplementwhile others were given an identical dosage of a substance called the _____, which had no known direct effects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In scientific research, experimental controls are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biological psychology, also known as biopsychology, was formerly called physiological psychology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow emphasized how unconscious processes could be the cause of serious psychological problems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about clinical psychologists is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about Mary Whiton Calkinsis TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the evolutionary perspective, psychological processes that were adaptations to a prehistoric way of life may continue to exist in the human behavioral repertoire today.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three of the individuals pictured played key roles in establishing the approach topsychology called behaviorism. Which person was NOT involved in establishingbehaviorism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Structuralism:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lynn has just received a research grant to study the effect ofdownsizing on morale at a large computer company. Lynn ismost likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A correlational study:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The practice of applying magnets to the body to supposedlytreat various conditions and ailments is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Harvard University awarded Mary Whiton Calkins her Ph.D.,but only after William James intervened on her behalf.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In contrast to the experimental method, the basic goal of thedescriptive method is to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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