Question 1

What happens if histone H1 is selectively extracted from compacted chromatin?

Accepted Answer

A)  chromatin uncoils to form a more extended beaded filament
B)  chromatin uncoils to form a less extended cylindrical filament
C)  chromatin completely disassembles to its component nucleotides
D)  chromatin breaks into small fragments
E)  chromatin breaks into large fragments

Question 2

The operator is the site on the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA where the repressor binds
B)  DNA where DNA polymerase binds
C)  DNA where reverse transcriptase binds
D)  RNA where the repressor binds
E)  ribosome where the polymerase binds

Question 3

The extent to which a given gene is transcribed presumably depends upon __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the single transcription factor bound to its upstream regulatory elements
B)  the particular combination of transcription factors bound to its upstream regulatory elements
C)  the particular combination of transcription factors bound to its downstream regulatory elements
D)  the combination of initiation factors bound to its upstream regulatory elements
E)  the combination of translational factors bound to its upstream regulatory elements

Question 4

What evidence suggests that while the XIST gene may be required to initiate X chromosome inactivation, it may not be required to maintain it from one generation to another?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tumor cells do not maintain X chromosome inactivation from generation to generation.
B)  Some tumor cells in women contain inactivated X chromosomes whose XIST gene has been deleted.
C)  Some tumor cells in women contain inactivated X chromosomes whose XIST gene has been duplicated.
D)  Some women have patches of cells in their retinas that are color blind and others that are not.
E)  Some tumor cells in women have no X chromosomes.

Question 5

A specific internal sequence of amino acids that ensures that the protein containing it will not survive long within the cell is called a _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  degradicon
B)  degron
C)  proteolicron
D)  denocon
E)  codon

Question 6

What extends from the methylguanosine cap at the start of an mRNA to the AUG initiation codon?

Accepted Answer

A)  the first intron
B)  the last exon
C)  the 5' UTR
D)  the 3' UTR
E)  the last intron

Question 7

When referring to cell metabolism and using digital logic analogies, which of the following statements is correct? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription of the lac operon is an example of an OR gate only, because both lactose and cAMP must always be present
B)  transcription of the lac operon is an example of an OR gate only because either lactose OR cAMP must always be present
C)  transcription of the lac operon is an example of an AND or OR gate because differences in the lactose concentration can lead to different transcriptional switch behaviors
D)  transcription of the lac operon is an example of an AND or OR gate because differences in the cAMP concentration can lead to different transcriptional switch behaviors
E)  transcription of the lac operon is an example of an AND gate only, because both lactose and cAMP must always be present

Question 8

What is the name of the site where RNA polymerase binds to the DNA prior to the beginning of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  the operator
B)  the terminator
C)  the promoter
D)  the repressor
E)  the structural genes

Question 9

_______ mRNAs are preferentially localized at the anterior end of a fruit fly oocyte; ______ mRNAs are preferentially localized at the opposite or posterior end of the oocyte.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicoid, oskar
B)  Oskar, bicoid
C)  Bicoid, staufen
D)  Staufen, bicoid
E)  Oskar, staufen

Question 10

Why might localizing mRNAs in the oocyte be more efficient than localizing the proteins they encode?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each mRNA can be translated into a limited number of proteins.
B)  Each mRNA can be translated into a large number of proteins.
C)  Messenger RNAs are easier to immobilize than proteins.
D)  Localizing proteins would denature them.

Question 11

β-galactosidase is encoded by the ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  y gene of the lac operon
B)  z gene of the lac operon
C)  a gene of the lac operon
D)  y gene of the trp operon
E)  z gene of the trp operon

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a transcription factor identified as important for maintaining pluripotency in embryonic stem (ES) cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oct4
B)  Myc
C)  Cal5
D)  Sox2
E)  Klf4

Question 13

Digital logic relies on all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  0,1 binary values
B)  electronic circuits where voltage switches are ON or OFF
C)  circuit output regulating input
D)  AND gates where two input circuits must be active to generate activity past the logic gate
E)  OR gates where either of two input circuits must be active to generate activity past the logic gate

Question 14

A transport receptor that moves macromolecules from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is called _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  an exhalin
B)  an exportin
C)  an importin
D)  a transportin
E)  a receptin

Question 15

Each transcription factor usually has at least two domains that mediate different aspects of their function. What are they?

Accepted Answer

A)  the DNA-binding domain and the activation domain
B)  the activation domain and the repression domain
C)  the DNA-binding domain and the repression domain
D)  the RNA-binding domain and the activation domain
E)  the RNA-binding domain and the repression domain

Question 16

What is the name of the regulatory protein which binds to specific DNA sequences with high affinity and plays an important role in determining whether a genome segment is transcribed or not?

Accepted Answer

A)  the operator
B)  the terminator
C)  the promoter
D)  the repressor
E)  the structural genes

Question 17

What extends from the termination codon at the end of an mRNA coding region to the end of the poly(A) tail?

Accepted Answer

A)  the first intron
B)  the last exon
C)  the 5' UTR
D)  the 3' UTR
E)  the last intron

Question 18

To which amino acid is the first ubiquitin on a polyubiquitinated protein attached?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycine
B)  leucine
C)  arginine
D)  phenylalanine
E)  lysine

Question 19

The inactive mRNAs that are stored in an egg prior to fertilization typically have ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lengthened 5' UTRs
B)  many bound inhibitory proteins
C)  extra long poly(
A)  tails
D)  many lipids associated with them
E)  shortened 5' UTRs

Question 20

A stretch of repeated sequences at the tip of a DNA molecule forming a cap at the end of the chromosome is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  telomere
B)  chromomere
C)  centromere
D)  telophase
E)  karyomere

Exam 12: Control of Gene Expression

A transport receptor that moves macromolecules from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is called _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the name of the regulatory protein which binds to specific DNA sequences with high affinity and plays an important role in determining whether a genome segment is transcribed or not?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______ mRNAs are preferentially localized at the anterior end of a fruit fly oocyte; ______ mRNAs are preferentially localized at the opposite or posterior end of the oocyte.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

β-galactosidase is encoded by the ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The extent to which a given gene is transcribed presumably depends upon __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A specific internal sequence of amino acids that ensures that the protein containing it will not survive long within the cell is called a _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A stretch of repeated sequences at the tip of a DNA molecule forming a cap at the end of the chromosome is called a ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Digital logic relies on all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens if histone H1 is selectively extracted from compacted chromatin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The operator is the site on the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When referring to cell metabolism and using digital logic analogies, which of the following statements is correct? (Select all correct choices)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What extends from the termination codon at the end of an mRNA coding region to the end of the poly(A) tail?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To which amino acid is the first ubiquitin on a polyubiquitinated protein attached?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What evidence suggests that while the XIST gene may be required to initiate X chromosome inactivation, it may not be required to maintain it from one generation to another?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why might localizing mRNAs in the oocyte be more efficient than localizing the proteins they encode?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a transcription factor identified as important for maintaining pluripotency in embryonic stem (ES) cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the name of the site where RNA polymerase binds to the DNA prior to the beginning of transcription?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What extends from the methylguanosine cap at the start of an mRNA to the AUG initiation codon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each transcription factor usually has at least two domains that mediate different aspects of their function. What are they?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The inactive mRNAs that are stored in an egg prior to fertilization typically have ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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