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Students with performance goals as opposed to mastery goals are concerned primarily with


A) achievement motivation.
B) looking good in front of others.
C) bettering themselves in terms of skill competencies.
D) finishing tasks so that they can seek new challenges.

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According to the expectancy x value theory, motivation increases as expectancy of success and the value of rewards increase.

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Students who have performance goals are interested in improving their skills, no matter how awkward they may appear in the process.

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Students who focus on learning goals because they value achievement and see their ability as being improvable are said to be ________ students.

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mastery-oriented

According to behavioural theory of motivation, students are motivated primarily by a(n)


A) desire for gaining fulfillment for their accomplishments.
B) desire to gain reinforcers for their behaviour.
C) inherent need to understand what they are learning.
D) need for social recognition and status.

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B

Being interested in a task because the activity is enjoyable is what type of motivation?


A) Extrinsic
B) Intrinsic
C) State
D) Trait

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Trina is an average-ability science student, but she is in danger of receiving a failing grade due to her low test scores. "I know the information when I study at home," she said to Mrs. Kirby, "but as soon as you pass out the test, I get so nervous that I can barely remember my name. Then, as I think about how badly I'm going to do, I get even more nervous." -How can we interpret the negative effects of anxiety on Trina's test performances? That is, how is anxiety likely to hinder her performances?

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Trina's anxiety is likely to hinder her ...

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List the seven levels of needs as described by Maslow. What are the implications for learning when students' deficiency needs are not being satisfied? Contrast this situation against one in which the students' being needs are not satisfied.

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Survival, safety, belonging, and self-es...

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Anthony said, "I did well because I was lucky." The type of attribution being demonstrated is


A) external-stable.
B) external-unstable.
C) internal -stable.
D) internal-unstable.

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Maslow's hierarchy of needs has been criticized because


A) cognition plays a lesser role than the hierarchy acknowledges.
B) people frequently attend to needs in different orders than the hierarchy predicts.
C) survival needs receive too much emphasis relative to safety needs.
D) the hierarchy overemphasizes the role of reinforcement as a motivator.

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Students who come to believe that negative outcomes are uncontrollable and that one's efforts will result in failure have developed a condition called ________.

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learned helplessness

Each situation below represents a need in Maslow's hierarchy. Which of the following students demonstrates the most basic need that must be satisfied before any other?


A) Anne is not included in the "in group" of her class.
B) Dick wants to develop his artistic talents in music.
C) Chuck has been threatened by a neighbourhood gang.
D) Joy feels inferior but wants to be important.

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Personal freedom, choice, intrinsic motivation, and self-determination are emphasized in ________ theories of motivation.

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Students who hold a performance-approach goal orientation want to look good in the eyes of others.

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When individuals are naturally interested in a particular activity, they are intrinsically motivated.

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Researchers suggest using work sheets and standard assignments for writing tasks with ethnic minority students rather than giving students writing tasks with cultural contexts.

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Research exists to support the claim that students' emotions are related to their learning goal orientation.

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The following sentence is true about the relationship between motivation and cultural diversity.


A) When minority students have culturally relevant materials, they can be more motivated to learn, and teachers are more likely to hold their situational interest.
B) Some cultures raise children to be more motivated than others.
C) Regardless of cultural backgrounds, teachers can do little to "catch and hold" students' situational interest.
D) Students' life experiences really do not influence the learning process in important ways.

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On Sunday afternoon, Rick spent a couple of hours picking up discarded bottles and cans from a picturesque section of the wildlife refuge, even though he knew he would not get paid anything for his efforts. Rick's motivation is best described as being


A) attributed.
B) deferred.
C) extrinsic.
D) intrinsic.

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Define motivation, and differentiate between behavioural, humanistic, cognitive, and sociocultural approaches to the interpretation of motivation.

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Motivation is defined as an internal sta...

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