A) neural tube.
B) amniotic fluid.
C) amniotic sac.
D) placenta.
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A) breathing movements
B) hiccups
C) swallowing
D) moving arms and legs
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A) drinking several drinks over a quick period of time, only a few times during pregnancy
B) drinking one and only one drink per day
C) drinking large amounts of alcohol on a frequent basis
D) There is no acceptable use of maternal alcohol consumption.
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A) Earlier development takes place at a more rapid pace than later development.
B) Later development takes place at a more rapid pace than earlier development.
C) The pace of development remains relatively continuous.
D) Development begins slowly, speeds up, and then slows down again.
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A) when saccharin was injected into amniotic fluid, the mothers' urine showed that the fetuses ingested more amniotic fluid when it had been sweetened.
B) when offered chocolate milk versus orange juice, preterm infants drank more chocolate milk.
C) fetuses smiled more when fed a sugar solution than when fed a saline solution.
D) the idea that fetuses prefer sweet flavors is merely an assumption that was made based on research conducted with newborns.
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A) any level of exposure to the teratogen causes an equivalent likelihood of a defect.
B) the greater the exposure to the teratogen, the greater the likelihood of a defect.
C) the greater the exposure to the teratogen, the lesser the likelihood of a defect.
D) detrimental effects are seen only at very high exposure levels.
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A) prenatal nutrition
B) education
C) responsive care
D) welfare
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A) DES
B) thalidomide
C) cigarette smoke
D) alcohol
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A) allowing for the transport of nutrients to the fetus
B) allowing for the removal of waste products from the fetus
C) cushioning the fetus
D) providing a barrier to infection
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A) think that the crying baby is their own and be unable to identify whether the baby is hungry or in pain.
B) know that the crying baby is Chloe's and be unable to identify whether the baby is hungry or in pain.
C) think that the crying baby is their own, but Chloe will know that the baby is in pain.
D) know that the crying baby is Chloe's, and Chloe will know that the baby is in pain.
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A) premature.
B) small for gestational age.
C) less than 3.5 pounds in weight at birth.
D) less than 5.5 pounds in weight at birth.
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A) prenatal development begins with a new miniature individual already preformed.
B) new structures and functions emerge throughout prenatal development.
C) prenatal development begins in the center of the body of the new individual.
D) Eve was created out of Adam's rib.
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A) prior to implantation
B) immediately following fertilization
C) before the pregnancy is clinically detectable
D) within the first 6 months of gestation
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A) programmed cell death.
B) cell reproduction.
C) cell migration.
D) cell division.
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A) the union of egg and sperm.
B) sexual intercourse.
C) meiosis.
D) the embedding of the fertilized egg into the uterine wall.
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A) individual differences in teratogenic effects that occur as a result of genetic differences.
B) prenatal learning of sounds, tastes, and smells.
C) genetic differences in ability to learn prenatally.
D) the later emergence of effects of the prenatal period.
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A) 15%
B) 23%
C) 32%
D) 45%
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A) practical success.
B) developmental resilience.
C) pliability.
D) persistent opposition.
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A) have no memory for the smell or taste of ginger because maternal diet does not affect prenatal experience.
B) have no memory for the smell or taste of ginger because fetal memory is very short lived.
C) remember the smell and taste of ginger, but this memory will last only a week or two.
D) remember the smell and taste of ginger well into his first year.
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A) at conception, as an angel is believed to enter the fertilized egg.
B) during the third trimester, as this is the time at which independent thoughts are believed to begin.
C) at birth, as the newborn is introduced to the sun at this time.
D) when the umbilical stump drops off, as this is when the newborn is believed to emerge from the spirit village and become a person.
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