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Exam 20: Biotechnology

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Question 1

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Scientists developed a set of guidelines to address the safety of DNA technology. Which of the following is one of the adopted safety measures?

A) Microorganisms used in recombinant DNA experiments are genetically crippled to ensure that they cannot survive outside of the laboratory.
B) Genetically modified organisms are not allowed to be part of our food supply.
C) Transgenic plants are engineered so that the plant genes cannot hybridize.
D) Experiments involving HIV or other potentially dangerous viruses have been banned.
E) Recombinant plasmids cannot be replicated.

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Question 2

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Use the following information to answer the next few questions. A eukaryotic gene has "sticky ends" produced by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. The gene is added to a mixture containing EcoRI and a bacterial plasmid that carries two genes conferring resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. The plasmid has one recognition site for EcoRI located in the tetracycline resistance gene. This mixture is incubated for several hours, exposed to DNA ligase, and then added to bacteria growing in nutrient broth. The bacteria are allowed to grow overnight and are streaked on a plate using a technique that produces isolated colonies that are clones of the original. Samples of these colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient broth plus ampicillin, nutrient broth plus tetracycline, nutrient broth plus ampicillin and tetracycline, and nutrient broth without antibiotics. -Bacteria containing a plasmid into which the eukaryotic gene has integrated would grow in

A) the nutrient broth only.
B) the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth only.
C) the nutrient broth, the ampicillin broth, and the tetracycline broth.
D) all four types of broth.
E) the ampicillin broth and the nutrient broth.

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Question 3

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Why might a laboratory be using dideoxy nucleotides?

Assume that you are trying to insert a gene into a plasmid. Someone gives you a preparation of genomic DNA that has been cut with restriction enzyme X. The gene you wish to insert has sites on both ends for cutting by restriction enzyme Y. You have a plasmid with a single site for Y, but not for X. Your strategy should be to

Which of the following is used to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?

In recombinant DNA methods, the term vector can refer to

The DNA fragments making up a genomic library are generally contained in

Use the following information to answer the next few questions. A eukaryotic gene has "sticky ends" produced by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. The gene is added to a mixture containing EcoRI and a bacterial plasmid that carries two genes conferring resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. The plasmid has one recognition site for EcoRI located in the tetracycline resistance gene. This mixture is incubated for several hours, exposed to DNA ligase, and then added to bacteria growing in nutrient broth. The bacteria are allowed to grow overnight and are streaked on a plate using a technique that produces isolated colonies that are clones of the original. Samples of these colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient broth plus ampicillin, nutrient broth plus tetracycline, nutrient broth plus ampicillin and tetracycline, and nutrient broth without antibiotics. -Bacteria that contain the plasmid, but not the eukaryotic gene, would grow

Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is found as well in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly and the protein (PAX-6) leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following?

What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium? I.Transform bacteria with a recombinant DNA molecule. II.Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes. III.Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells. IV.Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA fragments. V.Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA.

Genetically engineered plants

To introduce a particular piece of DNA into an animal cell, such as that of a mouse, you would find more probable success with which of the following methods?

Which of the following tools of recombinant DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct dodo (a bird) . To compare a specific region of the DNA from the sample with DNA from living birds, which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of dodo DNA available for testing?

In animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?

Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes?

Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because

Use the following information to answer the next few questions. A eukaryotic gene has "sticky ends" produced by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. The gene is added to a mixture containing EcoRI and a bacterial plasmid that carries two genes conferring resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. The plasmid has one recognition site for EcoRI located in the tetracycline resistance gene. This mixture is incubated for several hours, exposed to DNA ligase, and then added to bacteria growing in nutrient broth. The bacteria are allowed to grow overnight and are streaked on a plate using a technique that produces isolated colonies that are clones of the original. Samples of these colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient broth plus ampicillin, nutrient broth plus tetracycline, nutrient broth plus ampicillin and tetracycline, and nutrient broth without antibiotics. -Bacteria that do not take up any plasmids would grow on which media?

A gene that contains introns can be made shorter (but remain functional) for genetic engineering purposes by using

Use the following information to answer the next few questions. Pharmacogenetics is an increasingly important discipline that uses genetic information to tailor the prescription of drug treatments to individuals. In the case of chemotherapy for breast cancer, for example, different patients need and/or respond to different treatments. -Patients whose tumors are HER-2 positive respond to herceptin whereas other patients do not. Patients whose tumors have estrogen receptors will be best served if