Question 1

At what age do children develop self-recognition?

Accepted Answer

A)   2-4 months
B)   4-6 months
C)   8-12 months
D)   18-24 months

Question 2

The match between a child's temperament and the parent's temperament and child-rearing methods is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   reactivity
B)   social reciprocity
C)   goodness of fit
D)   temperamental shift

Question 3

Aziz is a father who is rejecting of his role as a parent. He tends to ignore his baby's needs. What attachment type is his baby most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

A)   secure attachment
B)   insecure-avoidant attachment
C)   insecure-resistant attachment
D)   disorganized-disoriented attachment

Question 4

Babies with which of the following temperaments get the most positive attention from others?

Accepted Answer

A)   slow-to-warm-up
B)   difficult
C)   easy
D)   mixed style

Question 5

The social smile is an important milestone in infant development because it indicates a maturation of the amygdala in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What does an infant or toddler do when they don't know how they should interpret an event and/or how to act in a specific situation?

Accepted Answer

A)   The infant or toddler will smile or run away.
B)   The infant or toddler will throw a temper tantrum.
C)   The infant or toddler uses social referencing.
D)   The infant or toddler uses social smiling.

Question 7

Disorganized attachment orientation is a reliable predictor of social and emotional maladjustment from childhood into adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Japanese infants are more likely to become highly distressed during the Strange Situation, and also show higher rates of insecure resistance. This is most likely because ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   in Japanese culture, infants are expected not to cry; therefore, the parents respond negatively to the infants after separation when they are most likely to cry
B)   Japanese infants are more inherently distressed
C)   in Japanese culture, child-rearing practices foster mother-infant closeness and physical intimacy that leaves infants unprepared for the separation episodes
D)   Japanese infants are not accustomed to meeting strangers

Question 9

When an infant laughs at an unusual event, it is illustrative of the infant's increasing:

Accepted Answer

cognitive ...

Question 10

How does the attachment bond developed early on influence personality development later in life?

Accepted Answer

A)   It strengthens an infant's ability to regulate emotion.
B)   It creates a pattern of reciprocity for temperaments stability.
C)   It decreases the amount of separation anxiety the infant experiences.
D)   It forms an internal working model which becomes a guide to later relationships.

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic reaction of an infant who scores high in the extraversion/surgency dimension in Mary Rothbart's model of temperament?

Accepted Answer

A)   As William's mother hands him a new toy, it begins to play music. He throws the toy down and begins crying.
B)   When Eva meets a puppy for the first time, it barks and Eva startles. Then she smiles and reaches for the puppy.
C)   As Kihye learns to walk, she only takes steps when holding her parents' hands. If they let go, she sits down and begins to cry.
D)   When Kamal's father attempts to engage in high stimulating play with him, he averts his gaze and sucks his thumb before resuming eye contact and smiling.

Question 12

Which dimension of Rothbart's temperament model is NOT influenced by an infant's ability to regulate attention and emotion?

Accepted Answer

A)   rhythmicity
B)   approach-withdrawal
C)   intensity of reaction
D)   distractibility

Question 13

Which attachment type is associated with higher rates of antisocial behavior, depression, and anxiety in later childhood and adolescence because of parents who cause unpredictable and potentially fearful home environments?

Accepted Answer

A)   secure attachment
B)   insecure-avoidant attachment
C)   insecure-resistant attachment
D)   disorganized-disoriented attachment

Question 14

The majority of babies are described as having an easy temperament.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Hannah is a baby who is fussy, difficult, and slow to adapt to new situations. Her mother is a very sensitive caregiver and makes sure that Hannah has a strict routine and doesn't get upset when Hannah is fussy. What can we predict about Hannah's developmental outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hannah will continue to behave in the same manner throughout life because temperament is an inborn trait.
B)   Hannah will probably adapt her temperament style and will in time no longer display behavioral problems.
C)   Hannah will, in time, influence her mother to become more frustrated with parenting and become less sensitive to Hannah's needs.
D)   Hannah will have difficulty in school and with peers.

Question 16

Bhavisha cries when held by family members that she does NOT see on a regular basis. Bhavisha is LIKELY how old?

Accepted Answer

A)   4-6 weeks
B)   8-10 weeks
C)   6-8 months
D)   7-12 months

Question 17

Toddlers are more likely to comply with their caregiver's directives than they are to say "no."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What is Erikson's second psychosocial stage of development?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy versus sham...

Question 19

Why is crying an effective signal to ensure that the caregiver cares for the baby?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is the only signal that babies have to call to the parent.
B)   It is annoying to most adults and they want the baby to stop.
C)   It conveys negative emotion that adults can judge reliably.
D)   It triggers an innate signal in the parent.

Question 20

Which of the following is a developmental task for toddlers?

Accepted Answer

A)   Toddlers need to learn to love one another.
B)   Toddlers need to take initiative for their own needs.
C)   Toddlers need to learn that the world is a trustworthy place.
D)   Toddlers need to learn to do things for themselves and feel confident.

Exam 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Aziz is a father who is rejecting of his role as a parent. He tends to ignore his baby's needs. What attachment type is his baby most likely to develop?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When an infant laughs at an unusual event, it is illustrative of the infant's increasing:

Correct Answerverifiedcognitive ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which attachment type is associated with higher rates of antisocial behavior, depression, and anxiety in later childhood and adolescence because of parents who cause unpredictable and potentially fearful home environments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The majority of babies are described as having an easy temperament.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The match between a child's temperament and the parent's temperament and child-rearing methods is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Disorganized attachment orientation is a reliable predictor of social and emotional maladjustment from childhood into adulthood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is crying an effective signal to ensure that the caregiver cares for the baby?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a developmental task for toddlers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does an infant or toddler do when they don't know how they should interpret an event and/or how to act in a specific situation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a characteristic reaction of an infant who scores high in the extraversion/surgency dimension in Mary Rothbart's model of temperament?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At what age do children develop self-recognition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hannah is a baby who is fussy, difficult, and slow to adapt to new situations. Her mother is a very sensitive caregiver and makes sure that Hannah has a strict routine and doesn't get upset when Hannah is fussy. What can we predict about Hannah's developmental outcome?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bhavisha cries when held by family members that she does NOT see on a regular basis. Bhavisha is LIKELY how old?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The social smile is an important milestone in infant development because it indicates a maturation of the amygdala in the brain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which dimension of Rothbart's temperament model is NOT influenced by an infant's ability to regulate attention and emotion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Japanese infants are more likely to become highly distressed during the Strange Situation, and also show higher rates of insecure resistance. This is most likely because ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Toddlers are more likely to comply with their caregiver's directives than they are to say "no."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Babies with which of the following temperaments get the most positive attention from others?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the attachment bond developed early on influence personality development later in life?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is Erikson's second psychosocial stage of development?

Correct AnswerverifiedAutonomy versus sham...View AnswerShow Answer

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cognitive ...
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Autonomy versus sham...
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