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A major struggle faced by first movers is that they


A) must modify a competitor's product without reproducing it.
B) use prototypes to dominate the market.
C) do not have access to test marketing.
D) have the job of establishing the market alone.
E) rely on laggards to buy their products.

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Early personal computer users remember the cumbersome, user-unfriendly DOS system. When Apple introduced System 1 and Microsoft introduced Windows, both of which were much easier to use, these new products diffused rapidly because of their


A) relative advantage.
B) compatibility.
C) observability.
D) associated services.
E) trialability.

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Why is the failure rate for new products so high?

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One of the main reasons is the failure t...

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On the diffusion of innovation curve, the first group of buyers who want to be the first on the block to have the new product are known as early adopters.

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Many restaurants roll out new ideas first in Orlando, Florida, a location that attracts a vast range of diverse tourists and thus might offer insights into what various consumer groups will like. This is an example of


A) target marketing.
B) test marketing.
C) product marketing.
D) product launching.
E) premarket testing.

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Using the diffusion of innovation theory, what factors contributed to the rapid adoption and success of Amazon.com?

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Some answers may vary, but will likely i...

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For new product marketers, early adopters are important because they tend to be


A) few in number.
B) the first to adopt a new product.
C) opinion leaders.
D) fond of prototypes.
E) alpha testing enthusiasts.

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Terri is trying to sell a new line of mammography equipment. Unlike existing technology, these machines are compact, creating the potential for general practice physicians to have and use them in their offices. Terri would want to identify innovators in his market, knowing these customers will most likely


A) spread positive word of mouth to other physicians.
B) buy one for each office in their practices.
C) reposition his products.
D) create demand among the late majority.
E) not need any service or support when using the product.

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Jacob sells commercial-grade kitchen equipment to major hotel chains and restaurants. Whenever he visits his customers, he looks to see if they are using the equipment for other tasks or have modified the equipment for some other purpose. These customers are examples of ________, who can provide ideas for new and improved products.


A) laggards
B) market testers
C) lead users
D) reverse engineers
E) concept testers

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When Connor asked a few of his regular customers to test his prototype electric bike, he was engaging in alpha testing.

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During the ________ stage of the product life cycle, there are few but an increasing number of competitors.


A) growth
B) introduction
C) maturity
D) decline
E) innovation

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Whenever Stephen considers upgrading his computer gaming system, he consults with Pete, a knowledgeable friend who always has the newest technology. For Stephen, Pete is a(n) ________ in the diffusion of innovation curve.


A) innovator
B) laggard
C) late majority adopter
D) early majority adopter
E) early adopters

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Describe your actions (or someone you know)in a situation where you (or they)were an innovator in the diffusion of innovation curve.

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Answers will vary but should include a d...

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By adding new product lines beyond its core business of computer software, like the Surface Pro tablet and Xbox 360 game system, Microsoft primarily benefits by


A) keeping up in a market where sales come mostly from new products.
B) satisfying the changing needs of the technological research staff.
C) avoiding market saturation from products that have just been introduced to the market.
D) creating diversification and reducing risk.
E) spreading out production costs.

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If a new product concept gets positive evaluations from potential customers during concept testing, the next step for a firm is


A) market testing.
B) product design.
C) brainstorming.
D) reverse engineering.
E) launching of the product.

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The product life cycle is theoretically ________ with regard to sales and profits.


A) a straight line
B) Y shaped
C) bell shaped
D) circular
E) perpendicular lines

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Warby Parker, an online retailer for prescription eyewear, offers a free, try-on at home program for its customers. Customers browse frames on Warby Parker's website and select five pairs they would like to try on. They can then choose to purchase or return the frames. Warby Parker handles all the shipping costs and provides all the return packaging. This relates to the ________ of its products.


A) relative advantage
B) compatibility
C) observability
D) complexity
E) trialability

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Which statement best explains the product life cycle?


A) the process by which the use of an innovation spreads throughout a market group over time and over various categories of adopters
B) the length of time a product exists in the marketplace before the market becomes saturated
C) the stages that products move through as they enter, get established in, and ultimately leave the marketplace
D) the time in which firms hire an outside firm to help generate ideas and develop new products and services
E) the process in which a product is analyzed and improved so that it does not infringe on the competitor's patents

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When McDonald's comes up with a new drink or sandwich for its restaurants, it often markets it in a dozen or so of its outlets before releasing it nationwide. When the company does this, it is engaged in


A) pretesting.
B) product launch.
C) test marketing.
D) product development.
E) concept testing.

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All of the following are included in the four product life cycle stages except


A) introduction.
B) stagnation.
C) maturity.
D) growth.
E) decline.

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