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Chambliss and Seidman argued that law does not represent the public interest, but those in power.

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True

_________________________ occurs when behaviors prior to the deviant behavior are looked at as clues that the individual was deviant all along.


A) Legal relativism
B) Retrospective interpretation
C) Secondary deviation
D) none of the above

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When an individual accepts the official label as deviant or criminal and begins to shape his/her behavior according the label, what has occurred?


A) primary deviation
B) secondary deviation
C) legal relativism
D) none of the above

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The concept that suggests that an individual's understanding of self is primarily a reflection of our perceptions of how others react to us is known as retrospective interpretation.

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When a person or persons have certain assumed traits this called a master status.

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Secondary deviation refers to the occasional or situational behavior that may be excused or rationalized by the actor and/or the social audience.

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Developed the concept of crime and the legal order


A) Austin Turk
B) Richard Quinney
C) William Chambliss
D) Howard Becker

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Which theorists came up with Group Conflict Theory?


A) Karl Marx
B) George Vold
C) Austin Turk
D) Richard Quinney

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Who developed the theory that included primary and secondary deviation?


A) Frank Tannenbaum
B) Charles Cooley
C) Edwin Lemert
D) Edwin Sutherland

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The "birds of a feather" concept means that like individuals will reside together.

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Who was responsible for developing the "looking-glass self" concept?


A) George Mead
B) George Vold
C) Charles Cooley
D) Frank Tannenbaum

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The idea of labeling typologies was developed by George Herbert Mead.

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Individuals who either serve as rule creators or rule enforcers based on the morality of an action are known as moral entrepreneurs.

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Who developed the Social Reality of Crime?


A) Frank Tannenbaum
B) Richard Quinney
C) Edwin Lemert
D) Edwin Sutherland

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Which theory argues that nothing should be done with or to children who violate the law?


A) labeling theory
B) radical nonintervention
C) retrospective interpretation
D) primary deviation

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___________________ states that acts are neither inherently good nor evil; there are varying degrees of good and evil, and the social audience influences the label placed upon a specific behavior.


A) Legal relativism
B) Primary deviation
C) Master status
D) none of the above

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Which of the following is not one of Becker's typologies


A) falsely accused
B) secretly accused
C) pure deviant
D) conformist

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____________ theorists maintain that official reactions to law violations label people as criminals and ensnare them in a deviant identity.


A) Labeling
B) Learning
C) Psychological
D) Strain

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Elaborated on Cooley's concept by focusing attention on the interaction between an emerging self and the perceptions of others' reaction to that self.


A) George Mead
B) Edwin Lemert
C) Howard Becker
D) Frank Tannenbaum

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A

Who developed the idea of radical nonintervention?


A) Frank Tannenbaum
B) Charles Cooley
C) Edwin Schur
D) Edwin Sutherland

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C

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