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Which of the following is true of transpiration?


A) it warms the surfaces of leaves.
B) it is made possible by leaf veins.
C) the amount of transpiration that occurs is partially controlled by the plants themselves.
D) it is a water input in the water balance equation.
E) it operates in plants as ingestion does in mammals.

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Currently humans are using about ________ of the annual worldwide runoff.


A) 30 percent
B) 65 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 84 percent
E) 90 percent

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When hygroscopic water is present,a surplus exists.

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The High Plains aquifer irrigates about one-fifth of all U.S.cropland.

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Discuss the different aspects of groundwater storage and movement below the surface.Include the ways in which groundwater comes to the surface on its own,or is drawn to the surface by humans,along with the consequences.

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The hydrologic cycle


A) defines the volume of water in the oceans and lakes on Earth.
B) defines the flow of water between water bodies,but cannot be used to quantify the water in lakes and seas.
C) only describes how water moves from frozen to liquid on the continents.
D) is a system that describes and explains all water on Earth.
E) describes water volumes,but cannot define energy flows.

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Which of the following would decrease the rate at which evapotranspiration occurs?


A) increased temperatures
B) increased wind speed
C) increased humidity
D) increased water availability
E) decreased water availability

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Potential evapotranspiration (P),when reduced by the deficit (D),yields the actual evapotranspiration value for a given time period.

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Atmospheric water that is carried from the ocean to the land


A) collects solely as ice on the high mountain peaks and then begins its journey to the rest of the land.
B) quickly enters deep groundwater to be stored for future.
C) flows back to the ocean through subsurface conduits.
D) is carried back to the ocean over time by atmospheric,surface water and subsurface flows.
E) results in a lowering of the ocean surface.

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Which of the following is normally true of a hot desert?


A) potential evapotranspiration exceeds actual evapotranspiration.
B) actual evapotranspiration exceeds potential evapotranspiration.
C) potential evapotranspiration equals actual evapotranspiration.
D) it is impossible to say what the normal relationship between potential and actual evapotranspiration would be in a desert.
E) there is no actual evapotranspiration in a hot desert.

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The amount of soil water associated with the wilting point of clay is greater than associated with sand and loam.

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The same amount of rain can result in different field capacities depending upon the soil type.

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Productive aquifers exist best under conditions of


A) low porosity
B) low permeability
C) sand,gravel and rock with little cementing agent.
D) an abundance of clay arranged in tightly packed,horizontal layers
E) a deficit of surface water.

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Water could be pumped faster from a geologic unit composed of sand than from one composed of clay.

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The recharge zone for a confined aquifer is larger than that for an unconfined aquifer.

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The term "cone of depression" refers to


A) a change in the level of the soil water zone.
B) a depression in the water table formed by rapid ground water withdrawal.
C) a depression in Earth's surface formed by ground water withdrawal.
D) a graphical representation of the decline in the rate of ground water flow as an aquifer dries out.
E) the sinkhole that develops after groundwater has been withdrawn.

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The lower limit of water in the zone of aeriation is the water table.

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Precipitation normally includes rain,sleet,snow,dew,clouds,and fog.

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Which of the following is true of ground water found between the surface and a depth of 4 km?


A) it is the smallest potential freshwater source in the hydrologic cycle.
B) it contains 7 times as much water as all the fresh water lakes in the world.
C) It contains water equal to that found in the atmosphere and rivers.
D) 75% of North America's population derives a portion of its fresh water from this ground water.
E) it is rapidly replenished from surface water sources.

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Which of the following is true?


A) it is predicted that by 2025 humans will not have adequate water.
B) forecasts show that in the next 30 years humans will be able to manage sufficient water supplies from runoff.
C) in China,water shortages are a less serious problem than floods.
D) it is predicted that by 2050 available water per person will decrease by 74%.
E) water demands in rural areas continue to be a greater problem than in urban areas.

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