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Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term laparonephrectomy?


A) laparo (surgical instrument) + nephr (bladder) + ec (in) + tomy (cut) = use of a surgical instrument to make an incision into the bladder
B) laparo (surgical instrument) + nephr (kidney) + ectomy (cut) = cutting the kidney using a surgical instrument
C) laparo (abdomen) + nephr (kidney) + ec (in) + tomy (cut) = cutting into the kidney through the abdomen
D) laparo (abdomen) + nephr (kidney) + ectomy (removal) = surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen

Correct Answer

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Select the correct breakdown of the medical term heminephroureterectomy into its component parts.


A) hemi/nephroureterectomy
B) heminephroureter/ectomy
C) hemi/nephroureter/ectomy
D) hemi/nephro/ureter/ectomy
E) hemi/nephro/ure/terec/tom/y

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Read the following excerpt from a patient medical record: "Imaging: Trans-abdominal ultrasound revealed significant post void residual, consistent with bladder outlet obstruction. Cystoscopy to rule out urethral stricture was normal." Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the underlined term?


A) cysto (bladder) + scopy (procedure for looking) = procedure for looking in the bladder
B) cysto (bladder) + scopy (recording) = process of recording the bladder
C) cysto (kidney) + scopy (procedure for looking) = process for examining the kidney
D) cysto (kidney) + scopy (recording) = process for recording the kidney
E) cysto (kidney) + scopy (instrument for looking) = instrument for looking in kidney

Correct Answer

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Which of the following statements is NOT true about the medical term azoturia?


A) The term breaks down into azot (nitrogen) + ur (urine) + ia (condition) .
B) It can be determined by a urinalysis.
C) It refers to excess nitrogen in the urine.
D) The root azot comes from combining the two roots a (not) + zo (living) , and was applied to nitrogen because things cannot live in it.
E) All of these statements are true.

Correct Answer

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Translate the medical term nephrotoxin.


A) death of the kidney
B) destruction of the kidney
C) poison of the kidney
D) stone in the kidney
E) binding of the kidney

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term nephrolithiasis?


A) nephro (bladder) + lith (tumor) + iasis (presence) = presence of a bladder tumor
B) nephro (renal pelvis) + lith (stone) + iasis (presence) = presence of renal pelvis stones
C) nephro (kidney) + lith (stone) + iasis (presence) = presence of kidney stones
D) nephro (kidney) + lith (stone) + iasis (condition) = condition of kidney stones
E) nephro (kidney) + lith (tumor) + iasis (condition) = condition of kidney tumors

Correct Answer

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Read the following health record information: "Hospital Course: On arrival to the ED, Susan was alert and oriented, but she looked a little pale and tired. She was treated with IVF for dehydration and given antipyretics for her fever. Within an hour, she had improved some, but given her inability to tolerate PO, the pediatric on-call physician recommended that she be admitted. She was admitted for a UTI and treated with IV antibiotics; a urine culture was sent. On hospital day 2, her fever had improved, and she was looking better. Unfortunately, on hospital day 3, Susan's fever returned, and she looked acutely ill." According to the health record information, what was the patient's admitting diagnosis?


A) urinary tract infection
B) fever
C) inability to take anything by mouth
D) lethargy
E) dehydration

Correct Answer

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Read the following excerpt from a patient's health record: "Imaging: VCUG: No hydronephrosis noted. Spiral CT of kidneys on day 3 of admission revealed perinephric abscess formation of the left kidney." What are the correct translations of the underlined words in the health record?


A) VCUG-visual cystourethrogram (procedure for looking at the bladder and urethra) ; hydronephrosis-bladder condition caused by the obstruction of urine flow
B) VCUG-visual cystourethrogram (procedure for looking at the bladder and urethra) ; hydronephrosis-kidney condition caused by the obstruction of urine flow
C) VCUG-voiding cystourethrogram (imaging procedure of the bladder and urethra produced during urination) ; hydronephrosis-condition caused by water on the bladder
D) VCUG-voiding cystourethrogram (imaging procedure of the bladder and urethra produced during urination) ; hydronephrosis-condition of the kidney caused by the obstruction of urine flow

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term cystoplegia?


A) cysto (bladder) + plegia (paralysis) = paralysis of the bladder
B) cysto (kidney) + plegia (paralysis) = paralysis of the kidney
C) cysto (pelvis) + plegia (paralysis) = paralysis of the kidney pelvis
D) cysto (opening) + plegia (paralysis) = paralysis of the opening between the bladder and urethra

Correct Answer

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What is the correct breakdown and translation of the abbreviation IVP?


A) intra (inside) + ven (vein) + ous (pertaining to) + pyelo (bladder) + gram (record) = image of the bladder by injecting contrast dye into the veins
B) intra (inside) + ven (vein) + ous (pertaining to) + pyelo (renal pelvis) + gram (record) = image of the urinary system through the injection of a contrast dye into the veins
C) intra (outside) + ven (vein) + ous (pertaining to) + pyelo (bladder) + gram (record) = image of the bladder by injecting contrast dye into the bladder
D) intra (outside) + ven (vein) + ous (pertaining to) + pyelo (renal pelvis) + gram (record) = image of the urinary system through the injection of a contrast dye into the renal pelvis
E) intra (through) + ven (vein) + ous (pertaining to) + pyelo (renal pelvis) + gram (record) = image of the urinary system through the injection of a contrast dye into the renal pelvis

Correct Answer

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What is the medical term used to describe poor blood supply to a kidney?


A) nephrolithiasis
B) nephrosclerosis
C) renal cell carcinoma
D) renal failure
E) renal ischemia

Correct Answer

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Read the following health record information: "Assessment: Hematuria/albuminuria. Doug clearly has a nephropathy. The differential diagnoses include poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and lupus nephritis. Since he had a recent throat infection, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is the most likely cause. We will wait for the labs to confirm a recent strep infection." Given this information, which of the following statements is NOT true?


A) The patient clearly has a disease of his kidneys. The author of the health record believes the main cause is from a strep infection, but the lab results are pending.
B) The patient has blood in his urine.
C) The patient has excessive protein in his blood.
D) The patient has inflammation of the kidney caused by the streptococcal organism.
E) The patient may have inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli.

Correct Answer

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Select the medical term that means involuntary urination.


A) anuria
B) dysuria
C) enuresis
D) hematuria
E) polyuria

Correct Answer

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Translate the root vesic/o.


A) bladder
B) kidney
C) opening
D) renal pelvis
E) ureter

Correct Answer

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Which of the following statements is NOT true about the root prostat/o?


A) It translates into a term that breaks down as pro (before) + state (stand) .
B) Its name is derived from its position in front of the urinary bladder.
C) It is an organ in the male reproductive tract.
D) It is an organ that surrounds the urethra.
E) All of these statements are true.

Correct Answer

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What is the abbreviation used by medical professionals to refer to the kidneys, ureters, and bladder?


A) I&O
B) KUB
C) NUC
D) RP
E) UTI

Correct Answer

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Build a medical term that translates as creating an opening into the pelvis.


A) nephro + stomy
B) pyelo + stomy
C) nephro + plasty
D) pyelo + tomy
E) cysto + stomy

Correct Answer

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Select the root that refers to sperm.


A) balan/o
B) epididym/o
C) orchid/o
D) sperm/i
E) test/o

Correct Answer

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Build a medical term that translates as condition of sugar in the urine.


A) gluc + ur + ia
B) glyc + emia
C) glycos + ur + ia
D) glucos + uria
E) glyc + ur + ia

Correct Answer

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Which of the following statements is NOT true about the root lith/o?


A) It means stone and refers to an accumulation of mineral salts and calcium.
B) Some health care professionals translate it as calculus, which means little rocks.
C) When combined with the root cyst/o (cystolith) , it refers to a stone in the bladder.
D) When combined with the root nephr/o (nephrolith) , it means kidney stone.
E) When combined with the root ureter/o (ureterolith) , it means a stone in the urine.

Correct Answer

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