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Exam 20: DNA Tools and Biotechnology

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Question 1

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Why is sequencing an entire genome, such as that of C. elegans, a nematode, important for genetic research?

A) It allows researchers to use the sequence to build a "better" nematode, which is resistant to disease.
B) It allows research on a group of organisms we do not usually care much about.
C) A sequence that is found to have a particular function in the nematode is likely to have a closely related function in vertebrates.
D) A sequence that is found to have no introns in the nematode genome is likely to have acquired the introns from higher organisms.

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Question 2

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Which of the following methods would be most successful in attempting to introduce a particular piece of DNA into an animal cell?

A) electroporation followed by recombination
B) introducing a plasmid into the cell
C) infecting the mouse cell with a Ti plasmid
D) transcription and translation

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Question 3

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Suppose that a researcher is successful at producing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) for replacement of pancreatic insulin-producing cells for people with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following could still pose problems for this individual? I the possibility that, once introduced into the patient, the iPS cells produce non-pancreatic cells II the failure of the iPS cells to take up residence in the pancreas III the inability of the iPS cells to respond to appropriate regulatory signals

Use the following information to answer the question. In an experiment, DNA from the linear form of the bacteriophage Lambda was cut into fragments using the restriction enzyme Hind III. Hind III cuts the Lambda DNA between the adenine nucleotides on the complimentary strands in a specific sequence, as indicated in the diagram, producing eight different size fragments. These fragments are then separated with an electrical current based on size after the DNA fragments are placed in a porous gel, a process called gel electrophoresis. cut site $\downarrow$ $5^{\prime} \mathrm{A} \mathrm{A} \mathrm{GCTT3'}$ $3^{\prime}$ T TCGAA 5^' $\uparrow$ cut site Select an observation that best describes a correct aspect of the two processes of restriction Digest and gel electrophoresis.

Which of the following statements correctly describes how RNA interference (RNAi) silences selected genes?

In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned. Which of the following processes was used?

In DNA technology, the term vector can refer to

The final step in a Sanger DNA sequencing reaction is to run the DNA fragments on a gel. What purpose does this serve?

One predicted aspect of climate change is that climates, including precipitation and temperature, over most of Earth will become more variable. Which of the following is a good strategy for genetically engineering crops if this is true?

In the form of gene therapy used successfully for severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome, SCID-X1, how is the genetic engineering of human cells achieved?

Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell involves many challenges. The use of mRNA and reverse transcriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of

Which of the following processes is most like the formation of identical twins?

For a particular microarray assay (DNA chip) , cDNA has been made from the mRNAs of a dozen patients' breast tumor biopsies. Which of the following types of evidence will researchers be looking for in order to determine if the cells are cancerous?

Which of the following is not true of cDNA produced using human brain tissue as the starting material?

A researcher is using adult stem cells and comparing them to other adult cells from the same tissue. Which of the following findings is likely from this comparison?

Which of the following enzymes is required to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?

How have DNA microarrays made a huge impact on genomic studies?

Many identical copies of genes cloned in bacteria are produced as a result of which of the following processes?

What is the most favorable characteristic of retroviruses that makes them useful in gene therapy applications?

For which of the following processes can dideoxyribonucleotides be used?