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Exam 14: Foreign Policy

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Question 41

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Which international institution, created toward the end of World War II by the United States and its allies (excluding the Soviet Union) , provides development aid to poor countries through the financing of long-term projects?

A) The World Bank
B) The World Finance Institute
C) The International Monetary Fund
D) The World Trade Organization

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Question 42

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The most visible instrument of foreign policy is sanctions.

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Question 43

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During the 2016 presidential campaign, Donald Trump charged that American trade policies had led to a loss of American jobs and called for an "America First" trade policy in which he would use import tariffs to encourage manufacturing at home, and restructure or end existing trade agreements. How do Trump's ideas and policies mesh with the history of U.S.foreign trade policy since World War II, as well as longtime economic goals of U.S.foreign policy, such as lowering the prices Americans pay for goods and services?

The United States admitted fewer than 10,000 refugees of the Syrian Civil War into the country, in comparison to European nations, which took in more than a million such refugees.

The fact that American presidents have often, since World War II, committed the United States to overseas military missions and conflicts with little to no consultation with Congress is at odds with the intentions of the Constitution's framers because they:

Until the early twentieth century, the United States rejected the idea of isolationism.

Foreign policy-especially security policy-is traditionally an area in which American leaders pay especially close attention to public opinion.

In the late 1930s, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain tried to keep his country out of another costly war with Germany through an initially popular but ultimately failed policy of _______________ , one that included signing an agreement that allowed German dictator Adolph Hitler to keep territory gained through military aggression.

After the end of the World War II, American diplomat George Kennan, who had been staffed in Moscow, attempted to alert officials to what he saw as increasing threats to U.S.interests posed by the Soviet Union.He suggested that the United States would need to undertake long-term countermeasures against the threat in order to limit Soviet attempts at expansion.Kennan's prescription came to be called _____________ policy.

To resolve disputes with other countries in an impartial fashion, the United States occasionally turns to _________________, rather than military action, economic sanctions, or other means of coercion.This is true for most trade disputes, and when the United States sought to resolve a long-standing dispute with Italy over American property confiscated by the Italian government more than 40 years earlier.

Why, in the twentieth century, did isolationist foreign policy stances become less tenable or realistic in the United States?

In an era in which an American president has talked of establishing a foreign policy that keeps "America First," the question of whether to engage in national security affairs worldwide seems relevant again.Based on your understanding of the goals of American foreign policy, should the United States avoid such engagement altogether, or at least rethink its strategies and priorities? Explain your answer.

For years, the two largest recipients of U.S.military assistance have been Israel and Egypt, American allies that fought two wars against each other.

Until the twentieth century and World War II at least, American national security was mostly based on:

How does the United States use various international organizations to achieve its foreign policy goals?

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization has not expanded to include former Warsaw Pact countries.

If the president or a duly appointed executive branch official (e.g., the Secretary of State) meets with dignitaries of a foreign government with the purpose of promoting national values or interests by peaceful means, he or she can be said to be engaging in:

Who makes and shapes foreign policy in the United States? What does the United States want? What counts as success?

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed to counter the perceived threat of the Soviet Union.

The major foreign policy players in the bureaucracy, including the president, are part of the National Security Council, which comprises a separate unit within the bureaucracy.