Question 1

A falling blood pH and a rising concentration of carbon dioxide due to emphysema, indicate

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis.
B)   metabolic alkalosis.
C)   respiratory acidosis.
D)   respiratory alkalosis.
E)   None of these choices is correct.

Question 2

Edema results when the amount of ___________ fluid increases.

Accepted Answer

A)   interstitial
B)   intracellular
C)   plasma
D)   cerebrospinal
E)   synovial

Question 3

pH

Accepted Answer

A)   increases with acidity.
B)   is measured on a scale of 0 to 10.
C)   is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration.
D)   reflects sodium content of body fluids.
E)   is not related to amounts of carbon dioxide in the body.

Question 4

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?

Accepted Answer

A)   plasma
B)   interstitial compartment
C)   intracellular compartment
D)   extracellular compartment
E)   cytoplasm

Question 5

In hypocalcemia,

Accepted Answer

A)   depolarization is prevented.
B)   PTH production is reduced.
C)   blood calcium levels are increased.
D)   neuromuscular excitability increases.
E)   neuromuscular excitability decreases.

Question 6

A person working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the

Accepted Answer

A)   lungs.
B)   urine.
C)   mouth.
D)   skin.
E)   GI tract.

Question 7

The most common cause of hyperkalemia is

Accepted Answer

A)   vomiting.
B)   increased dietary intake.
C)   increased urinary output.
D)   cellular injury or death.
E)   diarrhea.

Question 8

Which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)   ammonia
B)   bicarbonate ions
C)   phosphate ions
D)   ammonia and bicarbonate ions
E)   ammonia, bicarbonate ions and phosphate ions

Question 9

Hyperkalemia is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   excess excitability of kalems.
B)   reduction of plasma calcium level.
C)   increase in plasma potassium level.
D)   increase in plasma sodium level.
E)   decrease in plasma potassium level.

Question 10

Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?

Accepted Answer

A)   plasma
B)   interstitial
C)   intracellular
D)   extracellular
E)   cytoplasm

Question 11

Increased osmolality of the ECF

Accepted Answer

A)   increases thirst.
B)   inhibits ADH.
C)   increases renin secretion.
D)   increases aldosterone secretion.
E)   decreases thirst.

Question 12

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases

Accepted Answer

A)   urine volume.
B)   ADH secretion.
C)   aldosterone secretion.
D)   the reabsorption of sodium ions.
E)   blood volume.

Question 13

Ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis.
B)   metabolic alkalosis.
C)   respiratory acidosis.
D)   respiratory alkalosis.
E)   None of these choices is correct.

Question 14

The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium.
B)   potassium.
C)   chloride.
D)   phosphate.
E)   hydrogen ion.

Question 15

Which of the following would be expected to cause hyponatremia?

Accepted Answer

A)   high intake of sodium
B)   increased aldosterone production
C)   increased urine output
D)   decreased aldosterone production
E)   decreased ADH production

Question 16

Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium is excreted by the kidney.
B)   large amounts of bicarbonate are ingested.
C)   carbonic acid is formed.
D)   the respiratory rate decreases.
E)   carbon dioxide levels increase.

Question 17

Where is the highest concentration of bicarbonate ion found?

Accepted Answer

A)   plasma
B)   intracellular fluid
C)   interstitial fluid
D)   lymph

Question 18

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperkalemia.
B)   hypercalcemia.
C)   hypernatremia.
D)   increased urine volume.
E)   hyponatremia.

Question 19

What characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)   presence of channels in the membrane
B)   presence of lipids in the membrane
C)   being selectively permeable
D)   high sodium concentration inside the cell

Question 20

Renin is released by the

Accepted Answer

A)   lungs.
B)   kidney.
C)   spleen.
D)   liver.
E)   pancreas.

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Renin is released by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyperkalemia is defined as

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What characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

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Increased osmolality of the ECF

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

pH

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Edema results when the amount of ___________ fluid increases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common cause of hyperkalemia is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In hypocalcemia,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A falling blood pH and a rising concentration of carbon dioxide due to emphysema, indicate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would be expected to cause hyponatremia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where is the highest concentration of bicarbonate ion found?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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