Question 1

Which of the following situations increases the number of action potentials to the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A)   increased blood velocity
B)   decreased renin production
C)   increased plasma osmolality
D)   decreased aldosterone secretion
E)   decreased plasma osmolality

Question 2

Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as

Accepted Answer

A)   xanthines.
B)   osmotic diuretics.
C)   thiazide diuretics.
D)   carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
E)   potassium-sparing diuretics.

Question 3

When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded,

Accepted Answer

A)   more of the substance is reabsorbed.
B)   more of the substance is actively secreted.
C)   less of the substance is filtered in the renal corpuscle.
D)   the excess goes into the blood.
E)   the excess remains in the urine.

Question 4

Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by

Accepted Answer

A)   increasing tubular renin production.
B)   increasing tubular permeability.
C)   increasing osmosis into the tubule cells.
D)   increasing the synthesis of the transport proteins for sodium.
E)   decreasing tubular permeability.

Question 5

Which of the following layers of the filtration membrane is closest to the plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)   podocytes
B)   macula densa
C)   glomerular endothelium
D)   the basement membrane
E)   parietal layer of Bowman's capsule

Question 6

Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that

Accepted Answer

A)   is present in the blood as it enters the afferent arteriole of the nephron.
B)   passes through the filtration membrane into the nephron each minute.
C)   can be actively reabsorbed from the filtrate.
D)   can be secreted into the filtrate.
E)   None of these choices is correct.

Question 7

Potassium ions enter the lumen of the _____ by the process of active transport.

Accepted Answer

A)   proximal convoluted tubule
B)   renal corpuscle
C)   loop of Henle
D)   distal convoluted tubule
E)   collecting duct

Question 8

Decreased plasma clearance can indicate

Accepted Answer

A)   hypertension.
B)   renal failure.
C)   decreased ADH secretion.
D)   decreased aldosterone secretion.
E)   fluid balance.

Question 9

The micturition reflex is initiated by the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   stretching of the walls of the urinary bladder
B)   stretching of the walls of the ureters
C)   relaxation of the walls of the urinary bladder
D)   constriction of the external urinary sphincter
E)   relaxation of the external urinary sphincter

Question 10

How much urine would be in the urinary bladder to increase the pressure to an uncomfortable point?

Accepted Answer

A)   100 mL
B)   300 mL
C)   400 mL
D)   500 mL

Question 11

A substance used to calculate plasma clearance must

Accepted Answer

A)   pass freely through the filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle.
B)   be readily reabsorbed.
C)   be either a protein or a polysaccharide.
D)   be secreted into the nephron.
E)   be produced in the kidney.

Question 12

Blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the

Accepted Answer

A)   hilum.
B)   renal fascia.
C)   renal pelvis.
D)   renal capsule.
E)   renal pyramid.

Question 13

Trace the path of a red blood cell from the renal artery to the glomerulus: (1)  interlobar artery
(2)  interlobular artery
(3)  segmental artery
(4)  arcuate artery
(5)  afferent arteriole

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B)   1, 4, 2, 3, 5
C)   3, 1, 2, 4, 5
D)   2, 1, 3, 5, 4
E)   1, 4, 3, 2

Question 14

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)   pyelonephritis
B)   acute glomerular nephritis
C)   chronic glomerular nephritis
D)   acute renal failure
E)   chronic renal failure

Question 15

The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the

Accepted Answer

A)   hilum.
B)   renal fascia.
C)   renal fat pad.
D)   renal capsule.
E)   renal cortex.

Question 16

All of the following are major processes essential to urine production, except _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   micturition
B)   filtration
C)   tubular secretion
D)   tubular reabsorption

Question 17

Diuretics that inhibit sodium ion reabsorption are called

Accepted Answer

A)   xanthines.
B)   osmotic diuretics.
C)   thiazide diuretics.
D)   carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
E)   ADH inhibitors.

Question 18

Renin converts

Accepted Answer

A)   angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
B)   angiotensin II to angiotensin I.
C)   angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
D)   angiotensin II to angiotensin III.
E)   angiotensinogen to angiotensin II.

Question 19

Stretch receptors in the atria are responsible for the secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH.
B)   renin.
C)   aldosterone.
D)   atrial natriuretic hormone.
E)   angiotensin.

Question 20

The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the

Accepted Answer

A)   hilum.
B)   renal pelvis.
C)   renal capsule.
D)   renal pyramid.
E)   renal corpuscle.

Exam 26: Urinary System

Which of the following situations increases the number of action potentials to the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are major processes essential to urine production, except _______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Decreased plasma clearance can indicate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trace the path of a red blood cell from the renal artery to the glomerulus: (1) interlobar artery (2) interlobular artery (3) segmental artery (4) arcuate artery (5) afferent arteriole

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Potassium ions enter the lumen of the _____ by the process of active transport.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How much urine would be in the urinary bladder to increase the pressure to an uncomfortable point?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A substance used to calculate plasma clearance must

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The micturition reflex is initiated by the ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following layers of the filtration membrane is closest to the plasma?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renin converts

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the renal medulla?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stretch receptors in the atria are responsible for the secretion of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diuretics that inhibit sodium ion reabsorption are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Diuretics that work by reducing H⁺ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO₃^- ions are classified as

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