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Exam 18: Control of Gene Expression

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Question 21

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Which of the following statements correctly describes the primary difference between enhancers and proximal control elements?

A) Enhancers are transcription factors; proximal control elements are DNA sequences.
B) Enhancers improve transcription; proximal control elements inhibit transcription.
C) Enhancers are located considerable distances from the promoter; proximal control elements are close to the promoter.
D) Enhancers are long regions of DNA; proximal control elements are shorter RNA molecules that stand in for DNA.

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Question 22

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In colorectal cancer, several genes must be mutated for a cell to develop into a cancer cell. Which of the following kinds of genes would you expect to be mutated?

A) genes coding enzymes that act in the colon
B) genes involved in control of the cell cycle
C) genes that are especially susceptible to mutation
D) genes regulating cell division in colon bacteria

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Question 23

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If the DNA of a mammalian promoter region experiences increased methylation on cytosine (C) which of the following results is most likely to occur?

Which of the following is an example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression?

DNA methylation and histone acetylation are examples of which of the following processes?

If a particular operon encodes enzymes for making an essential amino acid and is regulated like the trp operon, then ________.

Gene expression is often assayed by measuring the level of mRNA produced from a gene. Which of the following levels of the control of gene expression can by analyzed by this type of assay?

Which of the following describes the normal function of the p53 gene product?

Which of the following explains why introducing the MyoD protein into a fat cell causes that cell to become a muscle cell but adding it to a neuron will have no effect?

In wildtype Drosophila embryos, the bicoid mRNA is localized to the anterior end of the embryo. If bicoid mRNA was injected into the embryo's posterior end as well, which of the following developmental events would occur?

A researcher introduced many copies of a double-stranded RNA into a culture of mammalian cells and used a fluorescent probe to follow it. She found that the introduced strands separated; one strand degraded and the other single-stranded RNA remained. The remaining strand is able to do which of the following?

Forms of the Ras protein found in tumors usually cause which of the following events to occur?

Which of the following predictions about the survival of a lactose intolerant E. coli cell is most likely correct?

Which of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of tumor-suppressor genes?

Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they ________.

A researcher introduced many copies of a double-stranded RNA into a culture of mammalian cells and used a fluorescent probe to follow it. Later she finds that the introduced strands separate into single-stranded RNAs and she hypothesizes that the molecules is acting as an miRNA. Which of the following pieces of evidence would support her claim?

Which of the following types of RNA is responsible for helping to reestablish methylation patterns during gamete formation?

What would occur if the repressor of an inducible operon were mutated so it could not bind the operator?

If a mutation alters a maternal effect gene in a female Drosophila zygote, which of the following is most likely to occur?

A rise in extracellular glucose results in which of the following changes at the lac operon?