Exam 13: Quasi-Experimental Designs

A) use random assignment.
B) control for generational effects.
C) use control groups.
D) eliminate confounding.

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A) the sample size is small.
B) adolescents are being studied.
C) participants are not assigned randomly assigned to conditions.
D) the sample was chosen because it had low or high scores on the dependent variable.

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A) static group comparison.
B) regression design.
C) biased participants design.
D) pre-experimental design.

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To establish that a particular variable ...

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A) nonequivalent control group
B) correlational
C) pre-experimental
D) quasi-experimental

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Longitudinal and cross-sectional designs...

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Regression to the mean is a statistical phenomenon where extreme or unusual data points are likely to be followed by more typical or average data points. In other words, if a variable is measured at an extreme value, it is likely to move closer to the average on subsequent measurements. This phenomenon threatens internal validity in research studies because it can lead to the misinterpretation of results. For example, if a study measures the effects of a new intervention on a group of individuals who are selected because they have extreme scores on a certain outcome variable, regression to the mean can make it appear as though the intervention had a positive effect when in reality, the change is simply due to the natural tendency for extreme scores to move closer to the average over time. To address this threat to internal validity, researchers can use control groups, random assignment, and pre-post measurements to ensure that any observed changes are truly due to the intervention and not just the result of regression to the mean. Additionally, using multiple measurements over time can help to identify and account for the effects of regression to the mean in the data analysis process.

A) maturation
B) regression to the mean
C) selection bias
D) pretest-posttest contamination

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A) manipulated.
B) the passage of time.
C) measured several times.
D) a characteristic of the participants.

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B

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Longitudinal designs are research strate...

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The rationale behind the simple interrup...

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Program evaluation is the systematic ass...

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A) the cause and the effect must covary.
B) the study must have high external validity.
C) the cause and the effect must be measured at the same time.
D) a quasi-experimental design must be used.

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A) Selection bias
B) Regression to the mean
C) Contemporary history
D) Pretest sensitization

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A) maturation.
B) contemporary history.
C) regression to the mean.
D) pretest sensitization.

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A) because participants were not randomly assigned to groups.
B) as a result of regression to the mean.
C) when all of the participants are from the same location.
D) when groups experience different events other than the quasi-independent variable.

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A) the experimenter informs participants of his or her hypotheses.
B) participants are not randomly assigned to conditions.
C) a variable unrelated to the study affects participants' responses.
D) participants in different conditions interact with one another.

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A) When random assignment is not possible
B) When the sample is very homogeneous
C) When evaluating the effects of educational programs
D) Never

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