Exam 15: Crucible of Freedom: Civil War, 1861-1865

A) The French and British upper classes were thought to be sympathetic to the South.
B) A permanent division of the United States would benefit European colonial designs in the Western Hemisphere.
C) Britain depended on the South for four-fifths of its cotton.
D) The British Prime Minister had secretly promised aid and recognition to Jefferson Davis in 1860.
E) There was considerable diplomatic friction between Great Britain and the Union.

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D

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[L]

A) The Confederacy overestimated Britain's dependence on southern cotton.
B) Northern border states were able to supply Great Britain with all the cotton it needed.
C) Union forces destroyed most of the South's cotton fields in 1861 and 1862.
D) All of these choices
E) None of these choices

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A) Confederate victories: Chancellorsville, Chickamauga, and Antietam
B) Union victories: Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg
C) Confederate victories: Shiloh, New Orleans, and Fredericksburg
D) Union victories: Vicksburg, Shiloh, and Chickamauga

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A) The North had an inflation rate of 80%, while the South had an inflation rate of 9,000%.
B) Prices remained relatively stable in both the North and the South because of government controls.
C) The South experienced a drastic downward spiral of deflation, while northern prices skyrocketed.
D) Both the northern and southern economies suffered from crippling declines in prices and wages.
E) Both the northern and southern economies boomed, as prices rose slowly and modestly.

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A) population.
B) firearm production.
C) farm acreage.
D) corn production.
E) soldier morale.

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A) 160 acres free to settlers who lived on the land for five years.
B) money to states to establish universities that emphasized agriculture and mechanical arts.
C) free land to Union veterans after the war.
D) land to former slaves along the coast of South Carolina.
E) Union widows 50 acres of land and a mule.

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A) Boston
B) Washington, D.C.
C) Chicago
D) Philadelphia
E) New York City

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[S]

A) amateur armies on both sides fought a bloody battle with confederate forces ultimately prevailing.
B) the two sides fought to a stalemate and withdrew after three days of fighting.
C) President Lincoln personally led the Union army into battle.
D) Confederate forces defeated the Union army and advance unopposed to the outskirts of Washington, D.C.
E) the opposing forces engaged each other from long distances and caused few casualties.

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A) moving cautiously and only attacking when victory was certain.
B) constant pressure on Southern forces by controlling the Mississippi River and blockading the coast.
C) cutting supplies to the South and waiting until the Confederacy starved or surrendered.
D) concentrating Union forces and making an all-out assault on Richmond.
E) the use of spies to infiltrate and disrupt Southern agriculture.

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A) Neither the Union nor the Confederate government devoted much energy to sanitary measures in hospitals.
B) Because of the large number of volunteer nurses in northern hospitals, army camps were free from typhoid, malaria, diarrhea, and dysentery.
C) Although the ratio of disease to battle deaths was much better than during the Mexican War, two-thirds of deaths came from disease rather than battle wounds.
D) Health conditions at the battlefront were so horrific that women were prohibited from coming within five miles of battlefields.
E) None of these choices

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A) The Supreme Court ruled that President Lincoln had exceeded his authority in suspending habeas corpus in Maryland.
B) President Lincoln agreed to abide by Supreme Court decisions on questions of presidential power.
C) President Lincoln was indicted for violating the Tenure of Office Act.
D) The Supreme Court ruled that in wartime the president had the authority to banish anyone making treasonable statements.
E) The Supreme Court ruled that civilians could not be tried by military tribunals when the civil courts were open.

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A) They limited the number of men who could protest the harsh conditions caused by the war.
B) They provided a pool of workers who were not qualified to be soldiers.
C) They encouraged men to volunteer for military service.
D) They forced both sides to develop an accurate census.
E) They established the foundation for a larger military after the war.

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A) The war had staggering economic cost.
B) The South would have changed even without the war.
C) In many ways, the war initiated a new American revolution.
D) The North changed more than the South as a result of the war.
E) It was good that the war occurred.

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A) Confederate General Beauregard announced victory prematurely.
B) It was the costly battle in American history to that point in time.
C) Confederate forces withdrew after Union reinforcements arrived and launched a successful counterattack.
D) Grant and Sherman won a great victory with relatively few casualties.
E) Confederate armies staged a surprise attack on General Grant's army.

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A) It was a key railroad junction between Chattanooga and Atlanta.
B) It was located at the entrance to Mobile Bay.
C) It allowed trade and communication between Confederate states on either side of the Mississippi River.
D) It was a great supply base.
E) It guarded the Union attack route into Tennessee.

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