A) Vesalius
B) Paracelsus
C) Harvey
D) Boyle
E) Pasteur
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Universal gravitation is a fundamental c...View Answer
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Scholastics refers to the philosophical ...View Answer
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A) Newtonian principles may be related to applied mechanics.
B) Paracelsian ideas were never accepted because they always retained magical connotations.
C) William Harvey compared the heart to a pump.
D) Vesalius was a proponent of dissection of corpses.
E) The day-to-day practice of medicine changed little between 1600 and 1700.
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B
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A) mathematics was the language of nature.
B) the moon is not as smooth as it was presumed to be.
C) beyond the visible world lay certain universal truths.
D) bodies of unequal weight will fall at different rates.
E) a scientist must experiment with the workings of nature before he formulates laws of nature.
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A) it insisted that observations had precedence over theories.
B) Plato had proposed a heliocentric view of the universe.
C) it promoted skepticism about man's sensory perceptions.
D) it strengthened the impulse to describe nature mathematically.
E) it stated that everything emanated from one source, thus all problems had a solution.
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A) the universe was seen as a mechanism and knowledge was based on authority.
B) the universe was seen as an organism and knowledge was based on authority.
C) the universe was seen as an organism and knowledge was based on observation, experimentation, and replication.
D) the universe was seen as a mechanism and knowledge was based on observation, experimentation, and replication.
E) None of these
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The Copernican Revolution refers to the ...View Answer
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A) consistent throughout.
B) lifeless in its essential state.
C) acted upon by immaterial forces.
D) atomic in structure.
E) All of these
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A) They demonstrated that Jupiter had moons.
B) They demonstrated the existence of yet undiscovered planets beyond Saturn whose gravity was influencing the known planets.
C) They demonstrated that the comet of 1577 needed to have passed right through the crystalline spheres postulated by the Ptolemaic model.
D) They demonstrated that the planets must have circular orbits.
E) They demonstrated that planetary motion was elliptical not circular.
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A) Christian Neo-Platonism, mathematical genius, and the science of Kepler and Galileo.
B) the ideas of Aristotle, Copernicus, and Galileo.
C) the science of Kepler, Galileo, and Ptolemy.
D) Descartes, Christian Neo-Platonism, his own mathematical genius, and Kepler.
E) Christian Neo-Platonism, Aristotelianism, and Copernicus.
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A) matter consisted of tiny corpuscles formed by natural forces.
B) everything was made of matter shaped by form.
C) matter was the substance of the universe while form was a human perception projected on matter.
D) everything reflected forms which existed in a world beyond matter.
E) matter and form can be expressed mathematically.
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A) human beings and nature are the foundations of all meaningful knowledge.
B) science could be used to challenge the authority of the clergy and religion itself.
C) science could be used to promote human well-being.
D) human beings possess tremendous power to understand and change the world.
E) All of these
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A) an inanimate but unexplained force.
B) an effect produced by the curvature of the time-space continuum.
C) the will of God in the universe.
D) a quality acquired by matter under some circumstances.
E) the pull exerted by the need of objects to return to their proper place.
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Inductive methodology is a research appr...View Answer
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Experimentation is a fundamental method used across various scientific disciplines to test hypotheses, validate theories, and discover new information. Below is a definition of the term "experimentation" broken down into the "Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?" format.
Who?
Experimentation is conducted by scientists, researchers, engineers, psychologists, and professionals in many other fields, as well as students and educators. Essentially, anyone who seeks to gain empirical evidence to support or refute a concept can engage in experimentation.
What?
Experimentation is the process of conducting controlled tests or investigations to explore the effects of certain variables on a system or to establish cause-and-effect relationships. It involves manipulating one or more independent variables to measure their impact on dependent variables while keeping other potential influencing factors constant (controlled variables).
Where?
Experimentation can take place in a variety of settings, including laboratories, where conditions can be tightly controlled; in the field, where experiments are conducted in a natural or real-world environment; in clinical settings for medical research; and even in virtual environments using computer simulations.
When?
Experimentation has been a cornerstone of the scientific method since its formalization in the 17th century by philosophers such as Francis Bacon. It is an ongoing process that occurs whenever there is a need to test a hypothesis or explore the unknown. Experimentation is not limited to any specific time and continues to be a critical aspect of scientific progress.
Why Important?
Experimentation is important because it provides empirical evidence that can support or challenge existing knowledge. It is the means by which scientific theories are tested and either validated or refuted. Without experimentation, science would rely solely on observation and speculation, which can lead to incomplete or incorrect conclusions. Experimentation allows for the development of new technologies, medical treatments, and a deeper understanding of the natural world. It is a key driver of innovation and helps to ensure that our knowledge is based on reliable and reproducible results.
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Unfortunately, I cannot view images or specific files such as the one you've referenced
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However, I can provide an answer to your question based on historical knowledge.The new scientific approach to nature, often referred to as the Scientific Revolution, which took place from the 16th to the 18th century, introduced a method of inquiry that emphasized empirical evidence and systematic doubt. It marked a significant shift from the traditional Aristotelian worldview, which was largely accepted by the Roman Catholic Church, to a perspective that relied on observation, experimentation, and the questioning of established beliefs.
This new approach raised concerns among the Roman Catholic hierarchy for several reasons:
1. Challenge to Authority: The Scientific Revolution encouraged independent thought and skepticism, which could undermine the Church's authority and its interpretation of the natural world as explained by religious doctrine.
2. Contradiction of Scripture: Some scientific discoveries, such as the heliocentric model of the solar system proposed by Copernicus and later supported by Galileo, appeared to contradict the literal interpretation of certain Biblical passages. This created tension between scientific findings and religious teachings.
3. Threat to Social Order: The Church was not only a religious institution but also a powerful political entity. Any shift in the way people understood the world had the potential to alter the social order and the Church's position within it.
The Roman Catholic hierarchy's response to the rise of the new scientific approach was multifaceted:
1. Condemnation and Censorship: The Church condemned certain ideas and works that were in direct conflict with its teachings. For example, the works of Copernicus and Galileo faced censorship, and Galileo was famously put on trial and placed under house arrest for his support of heliocentrism.
2. Caution and Investigation: The Church established the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (List of Prohibited Books) to prevent the spread of heretical ideas. It also set up the Roman Inquisition to investigate and prosecute cases of heresy.
3. Engagement and Adaptation: Some within the Church recognized the importance of scientific advancements and sought to reconcile them with religious doctrine. The Jesuits, for example, were notable for their contributions to mathematics and astronomy, and they incorporated new scientific methods into their educational institutions.
4. Patronage: Despite the tensions, the Church did provide patronage to some scientists and their work, recognizing the potential benefits of scientific advancements.
In summary, the Roman Catholic hierarchy's response to the new scientific approach was complex, ranging from outright opposition to cautious engagement. The Church sought to maintain its authority and interpretive power over religious matters while navigating the challenges posed by the emerging scientific worldview.
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