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Innovation lagged in the centrally planned economies because


A) there was too much domestic business competition.
B) there was too much competition from foreign firms.
C) enterprises resisted innovation in fear that their production targets would be raised.
D) exports had to equal imports for the plan to work.

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Which of the following does not foster innovation and technological advance?


A) competition in markets
B) freedom of choice and enterprise
C) self-interest and personal rewards
D) fear and avoidance of risk

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Economic systems differ according to which two main characteristics?


A) who owns the factors of production and the methods used to coordinate economic activity
B) the technology used in production and the quantity and quality of natural resources
C) how goods are produced and who gets them
D) the political system in place and the degree of scarcity facing the economy

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A characteristic of the market system is


A) extensive use of direct or manual methods of production.
B) a focus on labor, as opposed to capital resources.
C) reliance on the use of capital goods in indirect modes of production.
D) avoidance of producing goods that do not satisfy consumer wants directly.

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The competitive market system


A) encourages innovation because government provides tax breaks and subsidies to those who develop new products or new productive techniques.
B) discourages innovation because it is difficult to acquire additional capital in the form of new machinery and equipment.
C) discourages innovation because firms want to get all the profits possible from existing machinery and equipment.
D) encourages innovation because successful innovators are rewarded with economic profits.

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Refer to the provided figure. If box A represents households, D the resource market, and C businesses, then flow (8) would represent ___, while flow (7) would represent ___. Refer to the provided figure. If box A represents households, D the resource market, and C businesses, then flow (8)  would represent ___, while flow (7)  would represent ___.   A)  goods and services; consumption expenditures B)  consumption expenditures; goods and services C)  resources; money income D)  money income; resources


A) goods and services; consumption expenditures
B) consumption expenditures; goods and services
C) resources; money income
D) money income; resources

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Which of the following is a characteristic of a sole proprietorship?


A) It is owned and managed by two or more people.
B) It is an independent legal entity on its own.
C) It is owned and managed by one person.
D) The owner bears no personal responsibility for the debts of the business.

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Of the following countries, which one best exhibits the characteristics of a market economy?


A) Canada
B) Cuba
C) North Korea
D) Belarus

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In terms of the circular flow diagram, households make expenditures in the _____ market and receive income through the _____ market.


A) product; financial
B) resource; product
C) product; resource
D) capital; product

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In terms of the circular flow diagram, businesses obtain revenue through the _____ market and make expenditures in the _____ market.


A) product; financial
B) resource; product
C) product; resource
D) capital; product

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"Creative destruction" in a market system is brought about by


A) entrepreneurship.
B) striking workers.
C) regulation by the government.
D) money-based trade.

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The economic function of profits and losses is to


A) bring about a more equal distribution of income.
B) signal that resources should be reallocated.
C) eliminate small firms and reduce competition.
D) tell government which industries need to be subsidized.

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By freedom of enterprise, we mean that individual


A) workers are free to look for jobs and work in whichever firm will hire them.
B) firms are free to employ resources, to produce output, and to sell products.
C) producers are free to produce whatever the government decides is needed by the society.
D) consumers are free to buy whatever products will satisfy their needs the most.

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Most market economies, such as the U.S. and the U.K., allow government policies and actions aimed at promoting economic growth and stability.

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