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A borrower who obtains funds from a lender to purchase additional inventory but uses the funds to finance a trip to Las Vegas for a weekend of gambling at the opening of a new casino is an example of:


A) the problem of adverse selection.
B) the free-rider.
C) the moral hazard problem.
D) lax government regulation.

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Most credit cards charge a relatively high rate of interest, yet many people carry them, including people who would be considered low-risk borrowers. Our discussion of adverse selection said that low-risk borrowers should have been discouraged from these. What gives?

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While it is true that credit cards usual...

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Automated teller machines provided by financial intermediaries are an example of:


A) high transactions costs associated with financial intermediaries.
B) diseconomies of scale.
C) the ability of financial intermediaries to provide liquidity.
D) the ability of financial intermediaries to earn profits by raising transaction costs above the norm.

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The principal-agent problem is quite common in large public corporations due to:


A) the fact that large corporations generate large sales volumes.
B) the fact that large companies employ many people.
C) too little regulation by government.
D) the fact that the people making the operational decisions are usually not the owners.

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Which of the following is not a role of a financial institution acting as a financial intermediary?


A) Pooling the resources of small savers
B) Formulating oversight regulations
C) Providing ways to diversify risk
D) Supplying liquidity

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Economies of scale associated with financial intermediaries means:


A) the total cost of handling transactions falls as more transactions of different kinds are handled.
B) the cost per transaction falls as a larger volume of similar transactions are handled.
C) the cost per transaction increases as more transactions are handled.
D) the cost per transaction decreases regardless of the number of transactions.

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A lender usually knows less about the creditworthiness of a borrower than the borrower does. This is an example of:


A) opportunistic behavior.
B) economies of scale.
C) diminishing marginal returns.
D) information asymmetry.

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A bank advertises a very competitive loan interest rate. Explain what measures the bank can take to address adverse selection.

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The advertisement will attract both high...

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The principal-agent problem is:


A) a form of adverse selection.
B) when stockholders are not acting in the best interest of managers.
C) a form of moral hazard.
D) due to managers not being able to monitor stockholder behavior.

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Financial intermediaries:


A) increase the cost of financial transactions but offset these higher costs by providing safekeeping of customer funds.
B) provide handling of payments but usually less efficiently than other firms.
C) reduce the cost of financial transactions.
D) provide safety of resources, but only for the large borrowing customers who can afford it.

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The reduction in transaction costs provided by financial intermediaries benefit:


A) small borrowers and small savers.
B) large borrowers but not small savers.
C) society in the net, but small savers bear much of the cost.
D) small borrowers but not small savers.

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Explain why deflation can be so troubling to borrowers and lenders.

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Deflation is troubling because it aggrav...

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The publication, Consumer's Reports, is one tool designed to address:


A) adverse selection.
B) moral hazard.
C) the free-rider problem.
D) symmetric information.

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