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Exam 6: Animal Structure and Function

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Question 21

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Which of the following is not one of the four tissue types found in animals?

A) epithelial
B) nervous
C) lymphatic
D) connective

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Question 22

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Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by a defective gene on chromosome #7 in humans. This gene codes for a transport molecule (CFTR = cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor) that is found in the cell membrane of cells and is involved with movement of water and chloride ions across the plasma membrane. These transporters are typically found in tissues lining ducts, including the breathing passages of the lungs and the organs that are involved with food digestion and absorption. In cells with a normally functioning CFTR molecule, this molecule moves chloride ions (with a negative charge) out of the cell to the covering mucus on the outside. Positively charged sodium ions then follow these chloride ions out of the cell to maintain electrical balance. This increases the total electrolyte concentration in the mucus, resulting in the movement of water out of the cell, and this water helps provide a fluid environment. People that have a defective gene (and thus a nonfunctioning CFTR molecule) produce abnormally thick and sticky mucus that builds up in the ducts and passageways. The buildup of this sticky mucus results in life-threatening lung infections and serious digestive problems. Many charged particles such as ions cannot pass directly across the plasma membrane. Thus, passive transport of the chloride and sodium ions occurs via what process?

A) facilitated diffusion
B) active transport
C) bulk transport
D) osmosis

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Question 23

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Match each of the following structures with the appropriate description. Select the best answer using each choice only once.

All cells in an individual organism contain the exact same DNA, but they can perform different functions.

Bones, joints, and muscles form part of which organ system(s) ?

Eric noticed that the soil around his African violet was very dry and the plant was starting to wilt. He added water to the soil, and within a few hours, the plant was less droopy. The movement of water from the soil through the different plant cells in the African violet is a type of __________ transport called __________.

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions that occur naturally in the body are called __________.

Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by a defective gene on chromosome #7 in humans. This gene codes for a transport molecule (CFTR = cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor) that is found in the cell membrane of cells and is involved with movement of water and chloride ions across the plasma membrane. These transporters are typically found in tissues lining ducts, including the breathing passages of the lungs and the organs that are involved with food digestion and absorption. The type of tissue lining ducts and breathing passageways of the lungs is __________.

After eating a meal, food particles are broken down into simple sugars, which enter the bloodstream. An increase in blood sugar levels leads to the release of insulin from the pancreas, and insulin in turn stimulates cells to take up glucose so that blood sugar levels decrease. This is an example of __________.

In moving a molecule of oxygen from the air to a muscle cell, which organ system(s) is(are) involved?

A cat that is nursing her young produces milk that is excreted from cells in her mammary glands. Milk proteins are transported out of cells and into ducts leading to the nipple. Milk proteins are packaged into vesicles and transported out of cells. Which of the following is true about this type of transport?

Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by a defective gene on chromosome #7 in humans. This gene codes for a transport molecule (CFTR = cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor) that is found in the cell membrane of cells and is involved with movement of water and chloride ions across the plasma membrane. These transporters are typically found in tissues lining ducts, including the breathing passages of the lungs and the organs that are involved with food digestion and absorption. CFTR is likely made of what type of macromolecule?

Tissues are to __________ as organs are to organ systems.

A cell biologist is studying how toxins damage cells and prevent the transfer of signals from outside to inside the cell. Which cell component is he studying?

Organ systems typically have just one major function.

The three major components of a cell are the nucleus, cytoplasm, and __________.

Different types of proteins are found on the surface or embedded in the plasma membrane of a cell. Which of the following is a function of these proteins?

A cat that is nursing her young produces milk that is excreted from cells in her mammary glands. Milk proteins are transported out of cells and into ducts leading to the nipple. Milk is a type of protein; thus, the building blocks for this macromolecule are __________.

All of the following are true about the plasma membrane EXCEPT:

Eric noticed that the soil around his African violet was very dry and the plant was starting to wilt. He added water to the soil, and within a few hours, the plant was less droopy. The movement of water from the soil through the different plant cells is what type of transport?