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What is kwashiorkor?


A) A nutrient deficiency disease that results from a lack of dietary protein.
B) The build-up of ketone bodies in the blood.
C) A type of anemia common among vegetarians.
D) A nutrient deficiency disease resulting from an inadequate calorie intake.

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Vignette #1 John has started working out at the local gym and has been buying protein-packed snack bars and other high-protein foods. He started at 180 pounds and has increased his weight to 195 pounds. He is convinced the extra weight is all muscle. His wife, Jill, thinks that the there may be risks involved with eating extra protein. They decide to find out more about how much protein they need and explore the risks associated with consuming too much as well as too little protein. Thinking about what you have read in your nutrition text, answer the following questions. John has been eating a typical high-protein diet ever since he began working out regularly. Which of the following most likely characterizes his diet?


A) It is often low in fruits, vegetables, and grains.
B) It is often high in saturated fat.
C) It is often too high in fiber.
D) b and c
E) a and b

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Essential amino acids are those that the healthy adult body can make for itself, given the needed parts.

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Which is the only food below that contains negligible protein?


A) Pears
B) Whole milk
C) Edamame
D) Flounder

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A food contains 12 grams of protein, 21 grams of carbohydrate, and 3 grams of total fat. What is the percentage of calories from protein in this food?


A) 17%
B) 30%
C) 54%
D) It is impossible to determine.

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Discuss the nutrients most likely to be low in a vegetarian diet, and describe how a vegetarian can obtain adequate protein on such a diet.

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Which statement below is false ?


A) Regular consumption of vegetables with whole grains promotes iron deficiency.
B) Regular sun exposure can prevent vitamin D deficiency in vegans.
C) Dark greens, whole grains, mushrooms, and legumes are good riboflavin sources.
D) Dried figs, almonds, sesame seeds, and broccoli are good calcium sources.

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From which of the following would you expect the protein to be most easily absorbed by the body?


A) Tuna
B) Lentils
C) Whole-grain bread
D) Pistachios

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Discuss the possible health benefits of replacing animal protein with soy protein.

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Which vitamin is most likely to be lacking in a vegan diet?


A) Folate
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin B12
D) Thiamin

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Match the term with the short phrase or description that best matches it.

Premises
food allergy
kwashiorkor
marasmus
histamine
dysentery
food aversion
food allergen
edema
anaphylaxis
AIDS
PEM
food intolerance
adverse reaction
Responses
a substance that causes the immune system to mount an allergic reaction.
an immune system disorder caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
an infection of the digestive tract that causes diarrhea.
includes both kwashiorkor and marasmus as well as the states in which they overlap.
an unusual response to food, including food allergies and food intolerances.
a substance released by cells during an allergic reaction to an antigen, causing inflammation, itching, hives, dilation of blood vessels, and a drop in blood pressure.
a potentially fatal reaction to a food allergen.
a general term for any adverse reaction to a food or food component that does not involve the body's immune system.
a strong desire to avoid a particular food.
an adverse reaction to an otherwise harmless substance that involves the body's immune system.
a deficiency disease caused by inadequate protein in the presence of adequate food energy.
starvation.
swelling of body tissue caused by leakage of fluid from the blood vessels.

Correct Answer

food allergy
kwashiorkor
marasmus
histamine
dysentery
food aversion
food allergen
edema
anaphylaxis
AIDS
PEM
food intolerance
adverse reaction

Describe the process of protein digestion in humans.

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In human beings, diets high in animal protein necessitate higher intakes of calcium.

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The special proteins that inactivate foreign bacteria and viruses are:


A) enzymes.
B) antibodies.
C) hormones.
D) structural proteins.
E) transport proteins.

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Enzymes are:


A) activated by high heat.
B) usually, but not always, made of protein.
C) destroyed after they react.
D) specific for a particular reaction.
E) all of the above

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A total of _____ amino acids compose the majority of protein in living things and nine are _____ to humans.


A) 15; nonessential
B) 20; essential
C) 25; nonessential
D) 35; essential

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Describe the roles proteins play in the human body.

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Complementary protein sources must be eaten within 2 hours of one another to meet the body's need for essential amino acids.

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Jill is eating a salad at lunch and suddenly feels stomach cramps. She had told the waiter she was allergic to walnuts and he assured her there were none in the salad. Which of the following might have occurred?


A) There were walnuts added to the salad because the cook forgot to exclude them.
B) Although no walnuts were in the salad, there were cashews, and she is reacting to these tree nuts as well.
C) Jill is experiencing an adverse reaction but not an allergic reaction.
D) The salad dressing contained walnut oil.
E) All of the above are possible.

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Legumes are rich in all the following except :


A) protein.
B) fat.
C) fiber.
D) B vitamins.

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