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Exam 13: The Costs of Production.

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Question 261

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Which of the following explains why long-run average cost at first decreases as output increases?

A) diseconomies of scale
B) less-efficient use of inputs
C) fixed costs becoming spread out over more units of output
D) gains from specialization of inputs

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Question 262

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Suppose that for a particular firm the only variable input into the production process is labor and that output equals zero when no workers are hired.In addition,suppose that the average total cost when 5 units of output are produced is $30,and the marginal cost of the sixth unit of output is $60.What is the average total cost when six units are produced?

A) $10
B) $25
C) $30
D) $35

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Question 263

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Which of the following costs do not vary with the amount of output a firm produces?

Table 13-16 Listed in the table are the long-run total costs for three different firms. -Refer to Table 13-16.Firm C is experiencing economies of scale.

Scenario 13-7 Wanda owns a lemonade stand. She produces lemonade using five inputs: water, sugar, lemons, paper cups, and labor. Her costs per glass are as follows: $0.01 for water, $0.02 for sugar, $0.03 for lemons, $0.02 for cups, and $0.10 for the opportunity cost of her labor. She can sell 300 glasses for $0.50 each. -Refer to Scenario 13-7.What are Wanda's explicit costs per glass?

Constant returns to scale occur when the firm's long-run

A production function describes

If long-run average total cost is rising,then the firm is experiencing economies of scale.

Scenario 13-16 A certain firm produces and sells staplers. Last year, it produced 7,000 staplers and sold each stapler for $6. In producing the 7,000 staplers, it incurred variable costs of $28,000 and a total cost of $45,000. -Refer to Scenario 13-16.Suppose the owner of the business had an offer to work for another firm for $25,000.The firm's accounting profit for the year was

In the short run,a firm incurs fixed costs

The marginal-cost curve intersects the average-total-cost curve at the minimum point of the average-total-cost curve.

Economists in the field of industrial organization study how

Figure 13-9 The figure below depicts average total cost functions for a firm that produces automobiles. -Refer to Figure 13-9.At levels of output between M and N,the firm experiences

Figure 13-10 -Refer to Figure 13-10.The three average total cost curves on the diagram labeled ATC₁,ATC₂,and ATC₃ most likely correspond to three different

The efficient scale of the firm is the quantity of output that

Figure 13-9 The figure below depicts average total cost functions for a firm that produces automobiles. -Refer to Figure 13-9.Which of the curves is most likely to characterize the short-run average total cost curve of the smallest factory?

A key difference between accountants and economists is their different treatment of the cost of capital.Does this cause an accountant's estimate of total costs to be higher or lower than an economist's estimate? Explain.

Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory -Refer to Table 13-6.Assume the Wooden Chair Factory currently employs 2 workers.What is the marginal product of labor when the factory adds a 3rd worker?

For a construction company that builds houses,which of the following costs would be a fixed cost?

Average total cost reveals how much total cost will change as the firm alters its level of production.