Exam 18: The Mongols Unify Eurasia

A) they never figured out how to use it in weapons.
B) they seem not to have thought of it as a weapon at first, and then other peoples used it against them.
C) they believed the new invention would bring them great wealth, but the opposite happened.
D) it seemed the use of gunpowder was instrumental in helping the British, rather than the Chinese, to conquer India.
E) Europeans took their own gunpowder and used it against them in weapons.

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A) moved its center of power to Constantinople.
B) lost its caliph, and the family moved to Egypt.
C) stayed in power by converting the Mongols and convincing them that the Abbasids would rule better.
D) disappeared from history forever.
E) managed to escape with the lives of the entire royal family, and moved eastward into Persia.

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Answers would include a discus...

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A) help received from the Russian army.
B) the death of the Great Khan.
C) the strong support of the Baghdad Caliphate.
D) a decision by the Khans to advance on the Turks.
E) rescue by the Teutonic Knights of Germany.

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A) converted to Buddhism.
B) adopted the Confucian system of government examinations.
C) allowed only the Chinese mandarin elites to hold positions equal to those of the Mongols.
D) welcomed foreigners such as Marco Polo but typically preferred to spend time with native Chinese.
E) first confiscated good farmland, but when problems surfaced, changed his mind and allowed the farmers to return to their land.

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Ain Jalut, also spelled Ayn Jalut, is a ...

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A) The arrival of Buddhism in China.
B) The construction of the Great Wall.
C) The commercialized economy based on agriculture and manufacturing.
D) The military conquest of Central Asia.
E) The development of maritime trade in the Pacific.

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A) Fearlessness.
B) Speed.
C) Endurance.
D) Determination.
E) Strong leadership.

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B

A) ponies.
B) clan leaders.
C) spiritual advisers.
D) houses.
E) places of worship.

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D

A) Southern India.
B) China.
C) Southeast Asia.
D) Russia.
E) Damascus.

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A) The Mongols were strong allies of the Chinese.
B) They were mountain dwellers who had little to do with outsiders.
C) The Mongols were mostly pastoral nomads of the Asian steppes.
D) They were a warlike clan in western Mongolia.
E) They were defeated by the Chinese more than once.

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A) Hinduism.
B) Buddhism.
C) Orthodox Christianity.
D) Islam.
E) Confucianism.

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A) Printing.
B) The harness.
C) Calligraphy.
D) The compass.
E) Gunpowder.

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A) The Mongols allowed the Russians to retain many of their own customs.
B) The Mongols refused to allow their Russian subjects to practice their Russian Orthodox Christianity.
C) The rulers of the Khanate imposed Muslim rule on a conquered Russia.
D) The Mongol khans were responsible for Russia's loss of prosperity.
E) The Mongols retained control of Russia until the late 1300s.

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The Yuan Dynasty refers to the imperial dynasty that ruled China from 1271 to 1368. It was established by Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, after he conquered the Song Dynasty in China. The Yuan Dynasty marked the first time that the entire territory of China was controlled by a foreign, non-Han ethnic group, specifically the Mongols. During the Yuan Dynasty, China was part of the vast Mongol Empire, which was the largest contiguous land empire in history. Kublai Khan, who became Emperor of China, declared the new dynasty's capital at Dadu (modern-day Beijing). The Yuan Dynasty is known for its contributions to Chinese culture, including the development of drama and the novel, advancements in cartography and astronomy, and the promotion of trade along the Silk Road. The Yuan Dynasty also implemented administrative changes, adopting and adapting systems from the Chinese and other cultures within the empire. Despite these contributions, the Yuan rulers faced resistance from the Chinese populace due to their status as foreign conquerors and their imposition of discriminatory policies against the ethnic Han Chinese majority. The dynasty eventually fell due to a combination of internal strife, corruption, natural disasters, and peasant rebellions. The most notable of these rebellions was led by Zhu Yuanzhang, who went on to establish the Ming Dynasty in 1368, marking the end of Mongol rule in China.

A) concern for the commoners.
B) exploitation as often as possible.
C) conquest after conquest.
D) Both A and B.
E) Both B and C.

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