Exam 5: States of Consciousness

A) Some psychologists define addiction as any any repetitively compulsive pattern.
B) A psychological dependence on a drug is much less powerful than a physical addiction to a drug.
C) Drugs most likely to lead to physical dependence are alcohol, amphetamines, barbiturates, cocaine, codeine, heroin, methadone, morphine, and nicotine.
D) The use of most drugs can result in a psychological dependence.

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A) autosuggestion.
B) mindfulness.
C) a physical phenomenon involving the gravitational pull of the earth.
D) a fraudulent gadget used by stage hypnotists.

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A) through meditation.
B) through hypnosis.
C) by administering a psychoactive drug.
D) by experiencing sensory deprivation.

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A) NREM sleep is dream free about 90 percent of the time.
B) Your first period of Stage 1 sleep usually lacks REMs and dreams.
C) Brain areas associated with imagery and emotion become significantly less active during REM sleep.
D) After studying for a long period, you may remember more if you go to sleep (and get more REM sleep) rather than pulling an all-nighter.

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A) If a person merely feels briefly better after taking a drug, his or her drug taking will not become compulsive.
B) Many drug abusers turn to drugs in a self-defeating attempt to cope with life.
C) Antisocial behavior, school failure, and risky sexual behavior are commonly associated with drug abuse by adolescents.
D) The combination of immediate pleasure and delayed punishment allow abusers to feel good on demand.

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A) insomnia
B) narcolepsy
C) sleep apnea
D) night terrors

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B

A) writing down the nightmare
B) changing the dream the way you wish
C) mentally rehearsing the dream you want
D) decreasing your amount of sleep time

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A) no benefit from the training.
B) a slight increase in their stress levels.
C) greatly reduced stress levels.
D) significantly improved grades and increased socialization.

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A) hallucinations.
B) deep relaxation.
C) imagery rehearsal.
D) tryptophanic images.

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A) During these episodes, some people who have sleep-related hallucinations believe they have been abducted by space aliens or sexually abused.
B) Earlier in history, people interpreted the hallucinated intruders in these episodes as angels, demons, or witches.
C) A person who experiences the hallucinations, bizarre suffocating, or "out-of-body" experiences while in sleep paralysis have a condition known as REM behavior disorder.

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A) Nicotine patches or nicotine gum and medications, such as bupropion, can help people get through the withdrawal period.
B) The "cold turkey" approach is still considered the most effective approach in producing permanent nonsmokers.
C) In recent years, e-cigarettes have become popular as a way to simulate smoking either with or without delivering any nicotine.
D) The gradual approach to quitting smoking allows the smoker to not feel like a "failure" if they smoke one cigarette.

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A) Humans are unable to respond to environmental cues when asleep since sleep involves a complete loss of consciousness.
B) Not all animals sleep.
C) Dolphins are able to voluntarily breathe air and sleep without drowning by sleeping on just one side of the brain at a time.
D) Sleep is an innate biological rhythm.

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A) manifest
B) latent
C) lucid
D) actualized

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A) alertness
B) personality
C) consciousness
D) intelligence

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C

A) Schedule 1
B) Schedule 2
C) Schedule 3
D) Schedule 4

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A) In large doses, nicotine causes stomach pain, vomiting and diarrhea, cold sweats, dizziness, confusion, and muscle tremors.
B) The use of smokeless tobacco, such as chewing tobacco and snuff, has not been shown to cause any cancers at this time.
C) Smoking is the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide.
D) Secondary smoke causes about 7,300 lung cancer deaths and as many as 34,000 heart disease deaths each year in the United States.

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B

A) psychodynamic theory.
B) dual process hypothesis.
C) activation-synthesis hypothesis.
D) neurocognitive dream theory.

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