Question 1

Adults in the United States consume an average of _____ mg of sodium per day.

Accepted Answer

A)  500
B)  1,200
C)  2,400
D)  3,500
E)  6,000

Question 2

The primary role of fluoride is to prevent dental caries throughout life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

For men and women in the 19- to 50-year age range, the calcium DRI is _____ mg.

Accepted Answer

A)  600
B)  800
C)  1,000
D)  1,200
E)  2,500

Question 4

Describe the relationship between salt intake and blood pressure. Who is at the greatest risk for adverse effects from excessive sodium intakes?

Accepted Answer

The relationship between salt intake and...

Question 5

Which physiological change occurs in the body when the calcium intake is cut back suddenly?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rate of calcium absorption decreases.
B)  Calcium is absorbed from the bones.
C)  The body weight increases.
D)  The blood calcium level decreases significantly.
E)  The calcium level in the urine increases.

Question 6

How does a DASH diet effectively reduce blood sodium levels and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  By reducing the intake of dairy products
B)  By adding moderate amounts of salt to processed foods
C)  By increasing the intake of potassium-rich fruits and vegetables
D)  By eliminating grain products from the diet
E)  By increasing the intake of high-fat foods

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of nondiet factors that affect bone health?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes influence the mechanisms for absorbing and employing vitamin D.
B)  At maturity, men have a lower bone density than women.
C)  The production of the female hormone progesterone has a direct impact on bone mass.
D)  The fracture rate reduces by half for women who lose 20 percent of their body fat after menopause.
E)  The bones of smokers are more dense than those of nonsmokers.

Question 8

A person's ability to absorb calcium varies based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin A status
B)  protein intakes
C)  gender
D)  age or life stage
E)  body composition

Question 9

Which of the following proteins acts as a matrix on which mineral crystals of bone form?

Accepted Answer

A)  Keratin
B)  Myoglobin
C)  Trypsin
D)  Collagen
E)  Mucin

Question 10

Which of the following substances helps prevent changes in the acid-base balance of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sugars
B)  Vitamins
C)  Cholesterols
D)  Mineral salts
E)  Tannins

Question 11

What is the principal positively charged ion inside body cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium
B)  Sodium
C)  Magnesium
D)  Potassium
E)  Chloride

Question 12

A friend of yours is planning to purchase a water softener. What is the most appropriate advice that you can give to your friend?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hard water lathers better with less soap, so it is better for cleaning and bathing than soft water.
B)  Soft water leaves a ring in the tub and a gray residue in the wash, which are undesirable.
C)  Soft water appears to aggravate hypertension, which is undesirable.
D)  Soft water has higher concentrations of calcium and magnesium than hard water, which is desirable.
E)  Hard water dissolves contaminant metals more easily than soft water

Question 13

Sodium, the principal mineral of soft water, may aggravate hypertension.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Magnesium and calcium work together to:

Accepted Answer

A)  cause bone demineralization
B)  maintain the acid-base balance in body cells
C)  control blood glucose levels
D)  regulate the contraction and relaxation of muscles
E)  transport proteins through the blood

Question 15

When consuming adequate dietary iron, it is advisable to:

Accepted Answer

A)  eat nonheme iron found only in plants because it is absorbed more efficiently
B)  add supplements because they are better absorbed than iron in foods
C)  include vitamin C-rich foods with nonheme iron sources to enhance absorption
D)  avoid combining heme-iron-rich foods with nonheme-iron-rich foods in the same meal
E)  combine zinc-rich foods with heme iron sources to increase absorption

Question 16

Over half of the body's magnesium is stored in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  muscles
B)  liver
C)  bones
D)  blood
E)  skin cells

Question 17

High doses of zinc inhibit _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  iron absorption
B)  cholesterol synthesis
C)  insulin action
D)  bone calcification
E)  chromium absorption

Question 18

Which agency is responsible for maintaining the safety standards of bottled water in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  FDA
B)  EPA
C)  NHANES
D)  WHO
E)  USDA

Question 19

The best way to prevent calcium deficiency is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  consume an adequate amount of spinach, rhubarb, and Swiss chard
B)  consume an adequate amount of meat products
C)  consume an adequate amount of milk, cheese, and yogurt
D)  consume an adequate amount of almonds, beans, and sesame seeds
E)  consume an adequate amount of calcium supplements

Question 20

The loss of calcium from cortical bones is the primary cause of osteoporosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Water and Minerals

Which physiological change occurs in the body when the calcium intake is cut back suddenly?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The loss of calcium from cortical bones is the primary cause of osteoporosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following proteins acts as a matrix on which mineral crystals of bone form?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adults in the United States consume an average of _____ mg of sodium per day.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which agency is responsible for maintaining the safety standards of bottled water in the United States?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the relationship between salt intake and blood pressure. Who is at the greatest risk for adverse effects from excessive sodium intakes?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe relationship between salt intake and...View AnswerShow Answer

The best way to prevent calcium deficiency is to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Magnesium and calcium work together to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does a DASH diet effectively reduce blood sodium levels and blood pressure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

High doses of zinc inhibit _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following substances helps prevent changes in the acid-base balance of body fluids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person's ability to absorb calcium varies based on:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For men and women in the 19- to 50-year age range, the calcium DRI is _____ mg.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary role of fluoride is to prevent dental caries throughout life.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A friend of yours is planning to purchase a water softener. What is the most appropriate advice that you can give to your friend?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the principal positively charged ion inside body cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Over half of the body's magnesium is stored in the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When consuming adequate dietary iron, it is advisable to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of nondiet factors that affect bone health?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sodium, the principal mineral of soft water, may aggravate hypertension.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The relationship between salt intake and...
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