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Exam 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

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Question 71

Multiple Choice

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Eighteen-month old Quentin's large vocabulary appears to be due to his ability to recall and repeat any word that he just heard. This indicates that Quentin has an excellent ____ memory.

A) autobiographical
B) phonological
C) episodic
D) procedural

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Question 72

Multiple Choice

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When asked to describe why storm clouds travel so slowly in the sky, Sirius gives several interesting answers. Which of her answers provides the best example of animism?

A) "Since they have no legs, they have to crawl."
B) "If they were going the other way, they would go faster."
C) "Because the wind does not blow as high way up in the sky."
D) "The dark parts of the cloud are heavier and slow it down."

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Question 73

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Improvements in infant memory that occur around six months after birth may be the result of development in the ____ area of the brain.

Marina is visiting her dad's office on a take-your-child-to-work day. Just after they arrive, an executive bursts into the room and screams at Marina's father about a poorly written report he submitted. All the time that he is being berated, Marina's dad keeps smiling. Once the executive has left, Marina turns to her dad and says, "You really must like it when your boss hollers at you." Marina's lack of understanding that one's internal state may not match an external state is best explained by the concept of

Linguistic intonation is best described as a variation in sound

Discuss any three methods by which young children acquire the meaning of words.

Newborns appear to have the ability to hear the entire range of phonemes for every language on earth.

When a word is used too broadly, ____ is taking place.

Dr. Eco has a strong belief that global warming is a theoretical myth. In recent years, however, the increased rate of polar ice cap melt has forced him to alter his theory, and he is now a strong advocate against greenhouse pollutants. A Piagetian would most likely describe Dr. Eco's theoretical conversion in terms of

How many of the following beliefs would be part of the "naïve biology" of a typical preschooler: understanding that things grow, understanding realizing that children often resemble parents, understanding that some illness can be inherited, understanding that the insides of animals are different than the insides of inanimate objects?

Which of the following is the best example of a preschooler using calibration in their message?

The ____ principle of counting states that number names must be counted in the same sequence.

Compare and contrast the behaviorist answer, the linguistic answer, the cognitive answer, and the social-interaction answer to the question, "How do children acquire grammar?"

Piaget saw equilibration as a balance between

Two-year-old Ariel's parents recently bought her an aquarium and have begun to point at the moving animals and call them "fish." Despite having only heard the word "fish" a few times, Ariel appears to realize that the term refers to those little moving things in the tank. Ariel's behavior is best explained by

Why do children in Asian countries like China or Japan tend to recall less from their early years than children from North American countries?

Nolan has a scheme for throwing baseballs that he can apply successfully to throwing small rocks or other types of balls. This successful application would best be described as

Theory on the emergence of autobiographical memory suggests that in order to improve the autobiographical memory skills of his or her child, a parent would most likely

Which statement best exemplifies the concept of essentialism?

Tonka is actively playing with his toy truck when his mom accidentally drops a towel she is carrying directly on top of the vehicle. As soon as the vehicle is covered, Tonka turns his head away and calmly begins playing with another toy. Tonka's reaction best illustrates a lack of