Question 1

In 1996,the Oakland School District proposed

Accepted Answer

A)   supporting Spanish or "Spanglish" speakers as if they were learning Standard English as a second language in school.
B)   supporting Black English,or Ebonics,speakers as if they were learning Standard English as a second language in school.
C)   teaching Ebonics as a second language alongside Spanish and French.
D)   creating a bilingual curriculum in which Spanish and English would be mixed freely.

Question 2

When individuals speak in a manner that does not conform to what is known as "Standard English," there is often an implicit association with

Accepted Answer

A)   educational attainment.
B)   status and prestige.
C)   country of origin.
D)   race or class.

Question 3

Efforts to enforce the use of "Standard English" in a school setting frequently evoke major controversy,and the erosion of what many perceive as "national identity" is touted as one major reason why "Standard English" should be the norm.When "Ebonics" was introduced in Oakland Schools,it sought to

Accepted Answer

A)   help African American children succeed in school.
B)   introduce a new federal policy that allowed the teaching of nonstandard English.
C)   replace Standard English with Black English in the school district.
D)   certify teachers as proficient in Black English.

Question 4

"Digital native" might be understood by an anthropologist as

Accepted Answer

A)   someone who supports social struggles for worker rights and democracy aided by social media,mobile phones,and electronic communication.
B)   anyone born after 1980,who has spent his or her life using devices like smartphones and laptops.
C)   the era defined by the proliferation of high-speed communication technologies,social networking,and personal computing.
D)   any generation that uses technology,but in a process more akin to learning a new culture or language.

Question 5

In their study of "Spoken Soul," Rickford and Rickford concluded that

Accepted Answer

A)   the English language has more than twenty known dialects.
B)   all African Americans are very adept at code switching.
C)   this linguistic variant is gradually fading from use.
D)   this linguistic variant is in wide use by African Americans in a range of settings.

Question 6

Consider a used car salesperson.This individual must be highly skilled at using words to persuade people to part with a chunk of money.This illustrates the way that linguistic skills as a form of cultural capital

Accepted Answer

A)   are not needed to make a good living.
B)   are often used to cheat others out of their money.
C)   can be converted into monetary gain.
D)   are a useful tool for car sales but not for financial careers.

Question 7

Dialect is defined as a nonstandard variation of a language that

Accepted Answer

A)   is particular to a specific region.
B)   varies over time.
C)   depends on context.
D)   depends on the distance between places.

Question 8

The Summer Institute of Linguistics

Accepted Answer

A)   is a secular institution with the mission of preserving indigenous religious practices.
B)   sends missionaries into the field to create written versions of indigenous languages with the goal of disseminating the Christian Bible in those languages.
C)   has attempted to wipe out indigenous languages and replace them with English.
D)   is a religious institution with the mission of putting an English bible into the hands of native speakers.

Question 9

Words that have what we might consider an obvious meaning can often hold completely different meaning to others.The word dead,for example,might seem obvious to us,but signify an affliction to others,which demonstrates how language is

Accepted Answer

A)   organized into recognizable archives.
B)   connected to local stories and cultural values.
C)   embedded into texts and stories that are universal in nature.
D)   separate from the local folklore.

Question 10

Chinese,spoken by about 1.2 million people,is the most common native language in the world.At the same time,many Chinese students are sent abroad to English-speaking countries to learn English.This may be in part because

Accepted Answer

A)   the Chinese government seeks to develop more Chinese language universities and technology centers.
B)   English is spoken by nearly 95 percent of the world's population.
C)   English is the dominant spoken language worldwide and is central in education and technology.
D)   global media like radio and television is extremely difficult to accomplish with written Chinese.

Question 11

Linguistic anthropologists have shown that languages are disappearing at an unprecedented rate.Many argue that efforts should be made to preserve these endangered languages by documenting their lexicon and grammar.Why are anthropologists interested in preserving languages? Do you agree with these efforts? Why or why not? Which types of knowledge are embedded in language that might make them worthwhile to preserve? What are some of the techniques or strategies that have been used to either preserve or revitalize less-prominent languages? Discuss two examples where anthropologists have been involved in preserving endangered languages,and reflect on how information technology may be used in language revitalization.

Accepted Answer

Students should make a clear argument th...

Question 12

The work of the Summer Institute of Linguistics presents a challenge to anthropology due to its work being

Accepted Answer

A)   both a means of proselytizing and a means of translating bible texts at a low cost.
B)   both a means of proselytizing and a means of capturing data that might otherwise be lost.
C)   a means of embedding a specific religious belief into a digital format.
D)   a means of maintaining secrecy about the institute's motives.

Question 13

Laura Bohannon's work in West Africa among the Tiv led her to try and explain Shakespeare's Hamlet to members of a small village.The text tells us that her attempts were met with significant challenges due simply to the different meanings carried by words.The concept of the dead among the Tiv,for example,made no sense to them because they do not have any concept of a ghost.They interpreted this part of the play as Hamlet being beset by witchcraft.Consider that in the play,Hamlet first sees the ghost of his dead father,who relates the details of his death at the hands of Hamlet's father-in-law.Hamlet then feigns mental illness in his quest for revenge,something that might easily be considered being "beset by witchcraft." If language does shape our reality,explain how Bohannon's discovery,despite the similarity in meaning in these ways,is so confounding to the village elders.How does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis relate to Bohannon's work in this context? Can you offer other examples of how the way people think may or may not be affected by their native languages?

Accepted Answer

Students should discuss how the Sapir-Wh...

Question 14

Based on evidence from Benjamin Whorf's research with the Hopi,a Native American group in the southwestern United States,the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)   the human brain is hardwired for organizing language in a universal manner.
B)   thought is rooted in language.
C)   language occurs independently of thought.
D)   thought occurs independently of language.

Question 15

The recent turmoil in the Middle East,what some have termed the Arab Spring,was driven in part by the extensive use of social media and has led to the creation of a new kind of

Accepted Answer

A)   sociolinguistics.
B)   reality.
C)   lexicon.
D)   syntax.

Question 16

What types of evidence have anthropologists drawn on to approximate when humans first began to use language? Using examples,analyze how genetic and archaeological information have been used to determine when the human capacity for speech evolved.How did language enhance the ability of humans to survive and adapt to inhospitable environments?

Accepted Answer

Students may discuss the cognitive and a...

Question 17

Deborah Tannen's research into the ways that boys and girls speak demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)   they are using a form of cross-cultural communication.
B)   differences are primarily based on biology,not processes of socialization.
C)   they have nearly identical communication strategies.
D)   the best way to understand gender and language is through the "dominance" model.

Question 18

According to the textbook,human languages are being

Accepted Answer

A)   lost only outside the United States.
B)   lost at a rate of three per day.
C)   created at a rate faster than they are being lost.
D)   lost at a rate of one every ten days.

Question 19

A nonstandard variation of a language is referred to as a

Accepted Answer

A)   prestige language.
B)   type of displacement.
C)   dialect.
D)   morpheme.

Question 20

Sociolinguistics is defined as the study of

Accepted Answer

A)   the intersection between language and systems of power such as race,class,and age.
B)   the development of language over time,including its changes and variations.
C)   how social behavior is created by language.
D)   the variation in languages between places.

Exam 4: Language

Deborah Tannen's research into the ways that boys and girls speak demonstrates that

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Students should make a clear argument th...
View Answer

Chinese,spoken by about 1.2 million people,is the most common native language in the world.At the same time,many Chinese students are sent abroad to English-speaking countries to learn English.This may be in part because

Correct Answer
verified

The Summer Institute of Linguistics

Correct Answer
verified

Words that have what we might consider an obvious meaning can often hold completely different meaning to others.The word dead,for example,might seem obvious to us,but signify an affliction to others,which demonstrates how language is

Correct Answer
verified

According to the textbook,human languages are being

Correct Answer
verified

In 1996,the Oakland School District proposed

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Students should discuss how the Sapir-Wh...
View Answer

In their study of "Spoken Soul," Rickford and Rickford concluded that

Correct Answer
verified

Sociolinguistics is defined as the study of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Students may discuss the cognitive and a...
View Answer

Based on evidence from Benjamin Whorf's research with the Hopi,a Native American group in the southwestern United States,the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that

Correct Answer
verified

When individuals speak in a manner that does not conform to what is known as "Standard English," there is often an implicit association with

Correct Answer
verified

Consider a used car salesperson.This individual must be highly skilled at using words to persuade people to part with a chunk of money.This illustrates the way that linguistic skills as a form of cultural capital

Correct Answer
verified

"Digital native" might be understood by an anthropologist as

Correct Answer
verified

The work of the Summer Institute of Linguistics presents a challenge to anthropology due to its work being

Correct Answer
verified

Efforts to enforce the use of "Standard English" in a school setting frequently evoke major controversy,and the erosion of what many perceive as "national identity" is touted as one major reason why "Standard English" should be the norm.When "Ebonics" was introduced in Oakland Schools,it sought to

Correct Answer
verified

The recent turmoil in the Middle East,what some have termed the Arab Spring,was driven in part by the extensive use of social media and has led to the creation of a new kind of

Correct Answer
verified

Dialect is defined as a nonstandard variation of a language that

Correct Answer
verified

A nonstandard variation of a language is referred to as a

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Language

Deborah Tannen's research into the ways that boys and girls speak demonstrates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedStudents should make a clear argument th...View AnswerShow Answer

Chinese,spoken by about 1.2 million people,is the most common native language in the world.At the same time,many Chinese students are sent abroad to English-speaking countries to learn English.This may be in part because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Summer Institute of Linguistics

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Words that have what we might consider an obvious meaning can often hold completely different meaning to others.The word dead,for example,might seem obvious to us,but signify an affliction to others,which demonstrates how language is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the textbook,human languages are being

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 1996,the Oakland School District proposed

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedStudents should discuss how the Sapir-Wh...View AnswerShow Answer

In their study of "Spoken Soul," Rickford and Rickford concluded that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sociolinguistics is defined as the study of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedStudents may discuss the cognitive and a...View AnswerShow Answer

Based on evidence from Benjamin Whorf's research with the Hopi,a Native American group in the southwestern United States,the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When individuals speak in a manner that does not conform to what is known as "Standard English," there is often an implicit association with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consider a used car salesperson.This individual must be highly skilled at using words to persuade people to part with a chunk of money.This illustrates the way that linguistic skills as a form of cultural capital

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Digital native" might be understood by an anthropologist as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The work of the Summer Institute of Linguistics presents a challenge to anthropology due to its work being

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Efforts to enforce the use of "Standard English" in a school setting frequently evoke major controversy,and the erosion of what many perceive as "national identity" is touted as one major reason why "Standard English" should be the norm.When "Ebonics" was introduced in Oakland Schools,it sought to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The recent turmoil in the Middle East,what some have termed the Arab Spring,was driven in part by the extensive use of social media and has led to the creation of a new kind of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dialect is defined as a nonstandard variation of a language that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A nonstandard variation of a language is referred to as a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Students should make a clear argument th...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Students should discuss how the Sapir-Wh...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Students may discuss the cognitive and a...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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