Exam 14: Career Development and Transitions of Working Adults

A) Socialization process
B) Continual adjustment process to improving working position and situation
C) Greater self-understanding and identification within the total system of a career field
D) ​Both B and C

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Major Points In early career, one is projecting self-concept into a work environment. One seeks an opportunity for self-expression. One seeks to establish oneself in the workplace. There is a search for a defined future direction. Middle career is considered to be the beginning of the maintenance stage. One is settling in and has developed a greater understanding of self. One has now developed a means of identification within the total working system. In late career, one becomes even more concerned about job performance. Late career usually means changing relationships in the workplace. The major concerns are age discrimination, health concerns, family matters, and when to retire.

A) Super
B) Krumboltz
C) Roe
D) Gottfredson

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MAJOR POINTS
Stress in this context has...

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A) Electric performance management
B) Electric performance magnet
C) Electric performance monitoring
D) Easy performance monitoring

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A) Pay-for-knowledge
B) Career development
C) Career success
D) Work pressure

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A) ​d evelopmental tasks and stages (Super) .
B) the ability to make consistent generalizations and deal with abstractions through stages of cognitive development (Piaget) .
C) ​e xperiences and learning in stages of psychosocial development (Erikson) .
D) ​all of the above.

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A) Keep up to date with new requirements
B) Reduce costs
C) Reduce long-term employees
D) Use available resources

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A) Low self-esteem, low motivation to work, poor concentration of work tasks, poor work relationships with peers and supervisors
B) Poor communication with others on the job site, feelings of inadequacy and resentment, depression, excessive tardiness and absenteeism
C) ​Both A and B
D) Anxiety, tension, confusion and irritability

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MAJOR POINTS
Three influential social m...

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MAJOR POINTS Questions tend to center on competence and identity. In the early career stage, typical questions might include: Can I be effective in the managerial/professional role? Can I be effective in the role of spouse and/or parent? Who am I as a professional? What are my skills and aspirations? In the middle career stage, typical questions might include: How do I compare with my peers, with my subordinates, and with my own standards and expectations? Who am I now that I am no longer a novice? What does it mean to be a "senior" adult?  In the late career stage, typical questions might include: Can I be effective in a more consultative and less central role, still having influence as the time to leave the organization gets closer? What will I leave behind of value that will symbolize my contributions during my career? Who am I apart from a professional and how will it feel to be without that role?

A) ​p erception of job as uninteresting, repetitious, overloaded and demanding.
B) ​u npleasant work environment, necessity to work fast, excessive and inconvenient hours.
C) inadequate income.
D) ​all of the above.

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MAJOR POINTS
In late career, the major ...

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A) Early career obstacles
B) Beginning of late career
C) Part-time employment
D) Mid career circumstances

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A) Market forces
B) Compensation
C) Advancement
D) The nature of work

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MAJOR POINTS
Schien, suggests that care...

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MAJOR POINTS The early career establishing years, age 25 to 44, are viewed by Super as a critical time when one struggles to form a unique identity in the work world.  Individuals implement their self-concepts into careers that will provide the most efficient means of self-expression.  Erikson (1950 suggests that during this period of time, one is balancing intimacy and isolation while also attempting to maintain a unique identity in the process of developing relationships.  What is being stressed here is that early career experiences provide individuals with opportunities to establish themselves in the workplace. There also appears to be solid evidence that early encounters in the workplace will    significantly influence the outcome of some of the most important socialization process.  Critical to the individual's career development are supervisor and coworker relationships, especially in the current work environment that stresses teamwork.  How individuals respond to authority figures may reflect a low concern for others or a more positive interdependent, cooperative orientation. The implications for counseling are simply that early work experiences may establish enduring positive and negative attitudes about work and relationships at work.

A) There appears to be solid evidence that early encounters in the workplace will significantly influence the outcome of some of the most important socialization processes
B) Super views the career establishment years, ages 25 to 44, as a critical time when an individual struggles to form a unique identity in the work world
C) Erikson suggests that during the early career time, an individual is balancing intimacy and isolation while also attempting to maintain a unique identity in the process of developing relationships
D) Early career experiences do not provide individuals with opportunities to establish themselves in the workplace

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