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Exam 9: Punishment and Sentencing

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Question 31

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Many states use fixed-term mandatory sentences for crimes like kidnapping and gun possession.

A) True
B) False

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Question 32

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Why did criminal punishment begin changing again in the early part of the eighteenth century? How did the rise of physical punishment lead to a change in the way offenders were punished, and how has that change affected contemporary punishments of offenders?

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Between the American Revolution and the ...

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Question 33

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Caroline has been arrested for shoplifting at Bloomingdales. This is not her first offense and she is found guilty at trial. The judge decides the appropriate punishment is to cut off Caroline's hand so she will not be able to shoplift again. In what century would this punishment handed down to Caroline be the most popular punishment?

Approximately how many known executions have been carried out in the United States under civil authority since 1608?

A ____________________ describes the loss suffered by the victim of a crime before a sentencing judge.

Poor laws were developed in England at the end of the ____ century.

Discuss whether or not sentencing guidelines or a determinate sentencing model can control judicial discretion.

Who determines the actual length of incarceration in an indeterminate sentence?

Which goal of sentencing attempts to convince the criminal through punishment that the benefits they would gain from returning to the crime in the future would not be worth the punishment they would face for it?

The use of ____________________ factors, such as offender's age, in sentencing decisions, is a direct violation of the Constitution.

According to the Innocence Project, approximately 350 DNA exonerees have been released after being convicted of crimes they did not commit.

The ___________ refers to an outcome of capital punishment that enhances the level of violence in society.

In Ring v. Arizona , the Court found that ________, not judges, must make the critical findings that send convicted killers to death row.

____________ are a set of standards that define parameters for trial judges to follow in setting sentences.

Approximately _____ of the states have three-strikes laws, but nearly ____ of them require the third felony be a serious one.

In Roper v. Simmons (2005) , the Court set what limitation on use of the death penalty?

Jeff Johnson is the newest judge to take the bench in the fifth district of Virginia. He spent 25 years as a prosecutor before being elected to the court. He is known for his lenient views on drugs and his extreme conservative views on crimes of violence. Sean is a methamphetamine addict. He shot and killed the owner of a convenience store during a robbery, and he assaulted one of the employees of that convenience store so badly she will never walk again. If Judge Johnson was going to sentence Sean to more than five years in prison, what should Judge Johnson consider above all other factors in sentencing him?

Guidelines used in determinate sentencing aim to reduce judicial discretion.

____________________ were sixteenth-century English laws that were used to put vagrants and abandoned children to work.

What event ended the transportation of felons to North America?