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A seed is often described as "a baby plant in a box with its lunch." Explain this statement using the appropriate terms for baby plant, box, and lunch.

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A seed has a "baby plant" called an embr...

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Which evolutionary change was not one of the four primary milestones contributing to the evolution of the seed?


A) the proliferation of flagellated sperm
B) the emergence of sexually different spores
C) the protection of female spores and gametophytes within the body of the sporophyte
D) the trend toward reduced gametophytes
E) the evolution of the ovule

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A

Describe the major differences and similarities between gymnosperms and angiosperms.

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Gymnosperms and angiosperms both produce...

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Phytochromes are pigment proteins that allow plants to detect light.

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The only extant seed plants that have swimming sperm are the ____.


A) cycads
B) ginkgos
C) conifers
D) cycads and ginkgos
E) cycads, ginkgos, and conifers

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Which group of plants has the smallest gametophytes?


A) gymnosperms
B) angiosperms
C) progymnosperms
D) seedless vascular plants
E) seedless nonvascular plants

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In seedless plants, ____ in each megasporangium produces ____ megaspores that are released to the environment when the mature megasporangium opens.


A) mitosis; two
B) meiosis; two
C) meiosis; four
D) meiosis; eight
E) mitosis; four

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The largest basal angiosperm group, ____, includes avocados and plants that are the sources of spices.


A) Nymphaeales
B) Austrobaileyales
C) Magnoliales
D) Chloranthales
E) Amborella

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Two of the oldest flowering plant fossils are known to belong to the genus ____, and are thought to have lived during the early ____ period.


A) Archaefructus ; Cretaceous
B) Archaefructus ; Carboniferous
C) Amborella; Cretaceous
D) Amborella ; Carboniferous
E) Eucalyptus ; Cretaceous

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A

Which plant family includes cereal grains, such as wheat, corn, rice, and oats?


A) grass family (Poaceae)
B) pea family (Fabaceae)
C) potato family (Solanaceae)
D) rose family (Rosaceae)
E) euphorb family (Euphorbiaceae)

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The ____ are the only land plants make true flowers and fruits.


A) bryophytes
B) seedless vascular plants
C) gymnosperms
D) angiosperms
E) gymnosperms and angiosperms

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One of the two main angiosperm clades, the ____ has about 200,000 species. All members of this group have pollen grains with three grooves, and most have two cotyledons and net-veined leaves.


A) eudicots
B) laurels
C) monocots
D) water lilies
E) magnoliids

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Which floral structure is considered a male reproductive organ?


A) carpel
B) petal
C) stigma
D) style
E) stamen

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To date, ____ plant genomes have been partially or fully sequenced, which will open new doors for research.


A) five
B) ten
C) several dozen
D) several hundred
E) several thousand

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Conifer sporophytes are longer-lived, and anatomically and morphologically more complex than other gymnosperms.

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True

Match the definition to the corresponding term.

Premises
an immature male gametophyte
Responses
megaspore
microspore
cotyledon
endosperm
pollen grain

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megaspore
microspore
cotyledon
endosperm
pollen grain

If you see a red flower with very little odor, it is likely pollinated by ____.


A) flies
B) birds
C) bats or moths
D) butterflies
E) bees

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In angiosperms, double fertilization produces a trinucleate cell that gives rise to a ____ endosperm and a ____ embryo.


A) haploid; triploid
B) triploid; haploid
C) triploid; diploid
D) diploid; triploid
E) diploid; haploid

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Match the definition to the corresponding term.

Premises
embryonic seed leaf
Responses
cotyledon
endosperm
pollen grain
megaspore
microspore

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cotyledon
endosperm
pollen grain
megaspore
microspore

Today, wild ginkgo trees are found only in warm-temperate forests of central China.

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