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Caesar ingests a large meal, causing his blood glucose levels to rise. In response, Caesar's pancreas releases insulin to remove glucose from the blood stream. As glucose levels drop, the pancreas stops releasing insulin. Which factor establishes the set point?


A) Insulin
B) Glucose
C) Pancreas
D) Blood

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In one study (Twenge, Baumeister, Tice, & Stucke, 2001) , students who were told that a personality test revealed that they were "the type likely to end up alone later in life" were more likely to


A) show signs of depression and anxiety.
B) show less empathy and act aggressively.
C) report low self-esteem and low self-efficacy.
D) demonstrate introversion and neuroticism.

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Clarice wakes up in a daze and remembers that she has to do laundry. On her way to the laundry room, she encounters an enormous black spider, which causes her heart to race. Despite this, she continues to the laundry room and stays until all of her clothes are washed and dried to her satisfaction. At what point does Clarice experience an emotion?


A) When she remembers that she has to do laundry
B) When she wakes up in a daze
C) When she encounters the spider
D) When she starts her laundry

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Incentive theories of motivation are often described as _____ theories because external rewards move an organism toward a goal.


A) push
B) pull
C) throw
D) catch

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Which researcher supports an incentive theory of motivation?


A) Dr. Morgan, who believes that "unpleasant internal forces are the biggest factors that drive motivation"
B) Dr. Stern, who believes that "rewards play a central role in shaping motivation"
C) Dr. Chen, who believes that "motivation is an innate characteristic based on instinctive behaviors"
D) Dr. Lopez, who believes that "only external, but not internal forces, can be strong motivating factors"

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Which model or theory of emotion proposes that general arousal leads to assessment, which in turn calls for an assessment that leads to subjective feelings?


A) James-Lange theory
B) Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
C) Somatovisceral Afference Model of Emotion
D) Cannon-Bard theory

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Drugs that inhibit cholecystokinin's (CCK) action in the brain


A) increase eating behavior.
B) decrease eating behavior.
C) increase the levels of leptin circulating in the blood stream.
D) decrease the levels of leptin circulating in the blood stream.

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Consider the case of Eliot (Damasio, 1994) , who had frontal lobe surgery to remove a tumor. What did we learn with regard to the brain's use of emotional information?


A) Emotions act as the gateway for social intelligence by establishing limits for and patterns of appropriate behaviors that promote survival.
B) Emotions regulate higher order cognition by allowing the mind to integrate concrete knowledge with abstract reasoning.
C) Emotions set the stage for forming strong connections with other individuals and establishing long-lasting bonds.
D) Emotions provide a bridge to past experiences that can be used to set priorities such as approach and avoidance.

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Following his afternoon classes, Darren stops at the cafeteria and eats a hot dog and fries. If you were to run a blood test on Darren shortly after his meal, what would you expect to find?


A) Low glucose; low insulin
B) Low glucose; high insulin
C) High glucose; high insulin
D) High glucose; low insulin

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Achievement motivation is usually defined as


A) the need to reach a level of self-perfection.
B) a desire to excel or outperform others.
C) the fulfillment of culturally dictated goals.
D) meeting the needs of those we seek to please.

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According to research (Kirk, Bailey, & Martin, 2000) , if one identical male twin is homosexual, his twin has what percent chance of also being homosexual?


A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 90%

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Compared to monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins are


A) less similar in age when they first show happiness.
B) more  similar in age when they first show happiness.
C) less  similar in age when they first show fear of strangers.
D) more  similar in age when they first show fear of strangers.

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How does motivation offer a survival advantage?


A) It dictates the formation of social bonds.
B) It stimulates competition and ingenuity.
C) It fosters ambition and perseverance.
D) It prevents the waste of precious energy resources.

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Research on sexual satisfaction has found that


A) individuals of all sexual orientations reported more emotional and sexual satisfaction in committed relationships.
B) gay and bisexual men reported experiencing lower amounts of sexual and emotional satisfaction from casual sex contexts that heterosexual individuals.
C) lesbian women reported more amounts of sexual and emotional satisfaction from casual sex contexts than heterosexual individuals.
D) heterosexual individuals reported more emotional and sexual satisfaction from casual sex situations than gay and bisexual men.

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Patient S. M. is able to recognize the emotions of happiness, sadness, and disgust portrayed in photographs, but has selective difficulty identifying fear correctly. Which brain region has probably suffered damage in this patient?


A) Hypothalamus
B) Amygdala
C) Pons
D) Medulla

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Why are men with older brothers, but not men with older sisters or those who are only children, more likely to be gay?


A) Mothers are more likely to unknowingly treat their youngest sons like daughters.
B) A mother's heightened immune response with subsequent male-fetus pregnancies affects brain development.
C) Older brothers are likely to deride and belittle the youngest brother, creating a more sensitive, fearful, and confused individual.
D) Older brothers are more likely to protect and guard the youngest brother, shielding him from rough-and-tumble play and traditional masculine rituals.

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Women who are ovulating are more likely to


A) have extramarital affairs.
B) report feeling more interest in sex.
C) breakup with abusive partners.
D) consume fewer calories.

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Baby Alec squints his face, squeezes his fists, and tightens up his body muscles. His mother immediately runs over to try to soothe him. Alec's actions demonstrate that


A) emotions are easily communicated through nonverbal means.
B) complex emotions require maturity.
C) emotions drive classical conditioning.
D) without language, emotions are abstractions.

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Which model or theory proposes that emotions act as a reservoir that fills up and spills over, and that expressing these emotions will reduce arousal?


A) James-Lange theory
B) Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
C) Catharsis theory
D) Cannon-Bard theory

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Which scenario supports the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion?


A) Tony approaches his friend Juanita, who is walking her dog. As the dog begins to bark, Tony's heart races; he thinks about why this is the case and realizes he has a crush on Juanita.
B) Micah wakes up feeling glum. He forces himself to smile from ear-to-ear and laugh out loud, and then he begins to feel happy.
C) Bethany feels very depressed about her recent breakup with her boyfriend. She slumps down on her couch and cries for an hour straight, and then she begins to feel better.
D) Aaron relaxes in his hammock. Suddenly, he feels an earthquake, causing him to feel afraid; at the same time, his heart beats rapidly and his palms sweat.

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