Question 1

Liz, who is very warm and friendly, is the life of the party. In fact, Liz invites friends over for parties or cookouts every weekend that she is free (i.e., when she's not involved with a book club, painting class, or yoga retreat) . Liz's husband dreads it when she invites friends over. He is reserved, uncomfortable with people he does not know well, and prefers quiet evenings of reading. The Big Five trait that best describes this aspect of his personality is

Accepted Answer

A)   conscientiousness.
B)   passiveness.
C)   neuroticism.
D)   introversion.

Question 2

People in societies that emphasize individualism are

Accepted Answer

A)   more satisfied with personal achievement.
B)   less satisfied with personal achievement.
C)   less likely to see themselves as unique.
D)   less satisfied with personal achievement, but more likely to see themselves as unique.

Question 3

In Freud's personality theory, a protective behavior that reduces anxiety is called a

Accepted Answer

A)   trait.
B)   psychosexual stage.
C)   defense mechanism.
D)   level of awareness.

Question 4

What are the two dimensions of temperament that appear to be particularly important for adult personality?

Accepted Answer

A)   Introversion and neuroticism
B)   Conscientiousness and self-regulation
C)   Reactivity and self-regulation
D)   Reactivity and extroversion

Question 5

Clancy's boss is rude to Clancy and most of the staff. He tends to be cynical, uncooperative, and critical of his employees. This boss is particularly low on which of the following Big Five traits?

Accepted Answer

A)   Agreeableness
B)   Openness
C)   Conscientiousness
D)   Introversion

Question 6

Evidence across diverse cultures, including those of the United States, Japan, Korea, Germany, Portugal, Israel, and China, suggests that the Big Five personality traits ____ (McCrae & Costa, 1997) .

Accepted Answer

A)   are not applicable to all cultures
B)   are more applicable in individualistic societies
C)   are more applicable in collectivistic societies
D)   represent a universal human characteristic

Question 7

Jan is studying the firing of neurons in the brains of rats as part of her dissertation research on memory. She is disciplined in her research process and in record-keeping and follows her advisor's recommendations to the letter, as she wants to eventually accomplish a lot in this field. The Big Five trait that best describes this aspect of Jan's personality is

Accepted Answer

A)   openness.
B)   extroversion.
C)   conscientiousness.
D)   agreeableness.

Question 8

Based on research (Gardner, Gabriel, & Lee, 1999) , which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Individualistic values are socially transmitted to people growing up in that culture and form a stable and unchanging view of the self.
B)   Independent and interdependent views of the self are genetic in nature and only shift over the course of generations.
C)   Independent and interdependent views of the self are human universals and the relative dominance of one over the other is modifiable by a person's experience and situation.
D)   Collectivistic values are socially transmitted to people growing up in that culture and form a stable and unchanging view of the self.

Question 9

Which of the following is an advantage of personality inventories?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are strong in reliability though weak in validity.
B)   Testing is more expensive but valid and reliable.
C)   Large numbers of people can be assessed quickly and inexpensively.
D)   They are very nuanced and subjective.

Question 10

What is the self?

Accepted Answer

A)   A personal database of memories and motivations from our entire life
B)   The patterns of thought, feelings, and actions we perceive in our own minds
C)   The characteristics we retain from our genetic history and share with our family members
D)   The cognitive organization of our brains and the structural layers of our nervous systems

Question 11

Which of the following is a common feature of neo-Freudian theories?

Accepted Answer

A)   The substitution of sexuality and pleasure for social competence as the major motivation for human behavior
B)   The substitution of rigorous scientific research for intuition in the development of theories
C)   The substitution of social competence for sexuality and pleasure as the major motivation for human behavior
D)   The substitution of intuition for rigorous scientific research in the development of theories

Question 12

Napoleon feels that he did well on the final exam in his social history class; however, he is actually in the bottom quarter of the class. If Napoleon were to estimate his class standing, he would most likely place himself in the

Accepted Answer

A)   bottom 10% of the class.
B)   bottom quarter of the class.
C)   top half of the class.
D)   top 10% of the class.

Question 13

Jim is on a diet. At his office, his co-workers often bring in donuts, cookies, and other snacks for the group. He has done fairly well in resisting the temptations each day. How does he likely feel by late afternoon?

Accepted Answer

A)   His mind is focused on the last challenges of the workday.
B)   He is less tempted than earlier in the day.
C)   He can tackle almost anything.
D)   His mind is focused on his favorite snack.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the attitude of most psychologists today toward Freud?

Accepted Answer

A)   They question the scientific validity of Freud's theories.
B)   They adhere closely to Freud's theories.
C)   They appreciate the extensive scientific research underlying Freud's theories.
D)   They admire the effectiveness of Freud's psychoanalysis.

Question 15

Francesca admires how popular budding actors are at her new high school, and although she has never been involved in this area, she decides to join the drama club. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   the "bask in reflected glory" approach.
B)   self-handicapping.
C)   diminished self-esteem.
D)   sandbagging.

Question 16

People with high self-esteem tend to have greater happiness and persistence because they

Accepted Answer

A)   have a reduced need for social relationships.
B)   are more likely to successfully weather bad news than are those with low self-esteem.
C)   believe that they will never be socially rejected.
D)   have fewer "storms" in life.

Question 17

Of the following examples, who would be pursuing a dissertation research topic reflecting the contributions of Alfred Adler?

Accepted Answer

A)   Karen, who is researching the extent to which men envy women's roles and abilities
B)   Jimi, who is researching the relationships between the introversion-extroversion continuum and artistic creativity
C)   Philip, who is researching the level of self-actualization of adolescent children of immigrant parents
D)   Kim, who is researching the effects of birth order on professional and financial success

Question 18

That we may think of our own hair color differently than we think of others with the same hair color is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)   self-awareness effect (SA
E)  .
B)   self-reference effect (SR
E)  .
C)   self-confidence effect (SC
E)  .
D)   self-esteem effect (SE
E)  .

Question 19

Researchers have identified structural correlates in the brains of adults for four of the Big Five personality traits. Which Big Five personality trait has not yet been correlated with a structure of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)   Agreeableness
B)   Openness
C)   Neuroticism
D)   Conscientiousness

Question 20

Which of the following is true about Abraham Maslow?

Accepted Answer

A)   He was primarily interested in human motivation.
B)   He conducted most of his research on rats and pigeons.
C)   He developed a theory of personality based on his experience as a therapist.
D)   He observed that exceptional people generally lacked a sense of humor but had many friends.

Exam 12: The Individual Mind Personality and the Self

Evidence across diverse cultures, including those of the United States, Japan, Korea, Germany, Portugal, Israel, and China, suggests that the Big Five personality traits ____ (McCrae & Costa, 1997) .

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a common feature of neo-Freudian theories?

Correct Answer
verified

That we may think of our own hair color differently than we think of others with the same hair color is known as the

Correct Answer
verified

Clancy's boss is rude to Clancy and most of the staff. He tends to be cynical, uncooperative, and critical of his employees. This boss is particularly low on which of the following Big Five traits?

Correct Answer
verified

Jim is on a diet. At his office, his co-workers often bring in donuts, cookies, and other snacks for the group. He has done fairly well in resisting the temptations each day. How does he likely feel by late afternoon?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Francesca admires how popular budding actors are at her new high school, and although she has never been involved in this area, she decides to join the drama club. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

People with high self-esteem tend to have greater happiness and persistence because they

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following best describes the attitude of most psychologists today toward Freud?

Correct Answer
verified

Based on research (Gardner, Gabriel, & Lee, 1999) , which of the following is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Napoleon feels that he did well on the final exam in his social history class; however, he is actually in the bottom quarter of the class. If Napoleon were to estimate his class standing, he would most likely place himself in the

Correct Answer
verified

What is the self?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

People in societies that emphasize individualism are

Correct Answer
verified

What are the two dimensions of temperament that appear to be particularly important for adult personality?

Correct Answer
verified

Researchers have identified structural correlates in the brains of adults for four of the Big Five personality traits. Which Big Five personality trait has not yet been correlated with a structure of the brain?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is true about Abraham Maslow?

Correct Answer
verified

In Freud's personality theory, a protective behavior that reduces anxiety is called a

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an advantage of personality inventories?

Correct Answer
verified

Of the following examples, who would be pursuing a dissertation research topic reflecting the contributions of Alfred Adler?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 12: The Individual Mind Personality and the Self

Evidence across diverse cultures, including those of the United States, Japan, Korea, Germany, Portugal, Israel, and China, suggests that the Big Five personality traits ____ (McCrae & Costa, 1997) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a common feature of neo-Freudian theories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

That we may think of our own hair color differently than we think of others with the same hair color is known as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Clancy's boss is rude to Clancy and most of the staff. He tends to be cynical, uncooperative, and critical of his employees. This boss is particularly low on which of the following Big Five traits?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jim is on a diet. At his office, his co-workers often bring in donuts, cookies, and other snacks for the group. He has done fairly well in resisting the temptations each day. How does he likely feel by late afternoon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Francesca admires how popular budding actors are at her new high school, and although she has never been involved in this area, she decides to join the drama club. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People with high self-esteem tend to have greater happiness and persistence because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes the attitude of most psychologists today toward Freud?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on research (Gardner, Gabriel, & Lee, 1999) , which of the following is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Napoleon feels that he did well on the final exam in his social history class; however, he is actually in the bottom quarter of the class. If Napoleon were to estimate his class standing, he would most likely place himself in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the self?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People in societies that emphasize individualism are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the two dimensions of temperament that appear to be particularly important for adult personality?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have identified structural correlates in the brains of adults for four of the Big Five personality traits. Which Big Five personality trait has not yet been correlated with a structure of the brain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true about Abraham Maslow?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Freud's personality theory, a protective behavior that reduces anxiety is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an advantage of personality inventories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following examples, who would be pursuing a dissertation research topic reflecting the contributions of Alfred Adler?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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