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Exam 7: Atoms and Spectra

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Question 31

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An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons is called a(n) ____.

A) ion
B) isotope
C) nucleus
D) molecule
E) electron

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Question 32

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A spectrum that displays no energy except at very specific wavelengths where intense radiation is observed is a(n) ____ spectrum.

A) absorption
B) emission
C) continuous
D) Doppler
E) ionization

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Question 33

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What is binding energy, and what physical effect causes it?

The formula   $E = \sigma T ^ { 4 }$ expresses the relationship between Kelvin temperature and the amount of radiated energy. If a star is three times the temperature of the Sun, how many times more intense is the energy radiated from an equal-sized area of its surface? (Answer with a number only.

The type of element is determined by the number of ____.

As a blackbody becomes hotter it will radiate ____.

Absorption lines are produced by ____.

A spectrum that displays a smooth variation in intensity over a range of wavelengths with breaks where no energy is observed at specific wavelengths is a(n) ____ spectrum.

An absorption spectrum is created when blackbody radiation passes through a cool gas.

The _______________ is the amount of energy needed to pull an electron completely away from the nucleus.

A star like the Sun emits a(n) ____ spectrum.

The lowest permitted energy level of an atom is called the neutral state.

What process in an isolated atom will make it absorb a photon?

The NASA Curiosity rover exploring Mars carries a number of scientific instruments, including a spectrograph (a device for recording a spectrum), and a high intensity laser. On several occasions, Curiosity has fired its laser at the surface of a rock sample, while observing the process with a spectroscope. The laser is intense enough to vaporize the atoms on the surface of the sample into a hot, excited gas. Why is this a useful technique for the rover to employ?

A(n) _______________ is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons.

During the first year of its operation, only 20% of the projects scheduled for the Hubble Space Telescope involved taking images and pictures of celestial objects. The remaining 80% of the telescope's time was devoted to observing the spectrum of celestial objects. Why do astronomers place such a high emphasis on looking at the spectrum of a celestial object rather than an image? Explain.

What is the use of the Doppler effect able to tell you about the motion of an object? What is it unable to tell you?

Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are called ____.

An object moving away from the observer will exhibit a(n) _______________ shift due to the Doppler effect.

An atom must emit a photon when a(n) ____.