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Which of the following statements regarding social comparison is TRUE?


A) Adolescents are more likely to engage in social comparison than children.
B) Children are more likely to engage in social comparison than adolescents.
C) Adolescents are most likely to compare themselves to people who are different from them.
D) Adolescents freely admit that they engage in social comparison.

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Which of the following is NOT a social context in career development?


A) socioeconomic status.
B) geographical location.
C) influences of parents.
D) influences of peers.

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Andre focuses on winning the prize for the best essay on civil disobedience.He believes that he will be happy if he wins.Andre has a


A) mastery motivation.
B) performance motivation.
C) competitive orientation.
D) fixed mindset.

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Farrah is a B-/C+ student in math.She tells her father that she wants to get an A in math from now on.Knowing how much his daughter struggles in math,her father says,"I'm glad that you want to work on your math grades.Let's aim for a B or B+ next term and we'll build on that.I'll help you make a plan." Researchers would say that


A) this is a good idea;Farrah may get discouraged if she sets expectations that are unrealistic.
B) Farrah's father underestimates her and has probably just killed her motivation.
C) Farrah doesn't need a plan to reach her goal;determination is enough.
D) Farrah will resent her father for suggesting that she work up to her goal with a plan.

Correct Answer

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Discuss procrastination as a motivational obstacle to achievement in adolescence.

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Procrastination is a common problem that...

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Which of the following statements about mentoring is TRUE?


A) One of the largest mentoring programs is Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts.
B) programs are less successful with at-risk youth than youth who are not at risk.
C) Careful selection of participants and monitoring of the mentor/student relationship are keys to success.
D) Natural mentoring relationships work better than formal programs.

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Rewards and punishments are _____ in adolescents' motivation.


A) extrinsic factors
B) cognitive factors
C) intrinsic factors
D) control tools

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A

Rod's science teacher has a list of objectives that must be met for the year but they can be met by completing many different types of assignments.The teacher allows the students to select the projects that interest them,and the students set their own goals and make their own plans to reach them.According to research,Rod is likely to


A) have higher achievement gains in science.
B) pick the easiest assignments even if some of the more difficult ones interest him more.
C) do a poor job on his assignments because he picked them rather than the teacher.
D) None of these choices are correct.

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Perceived causes of outcomes are known as


A) analyses.
B) influences.
C) attributions.
D) precursors.

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Mrs.Hynes meets with Devon to discuss his low grade in her class.Educational psychologists recommend getting adolescents to attribute their poor performance to internal factors.Which of the following statements by Devon would indicate to Mrs.Hynes that he has this concept?


A) "Your tests are almost impossible to pass."
B) "When you walk up and down the aisles while I am taking a test,you make me nervous."
C) "I am working too many hours at my job and I have not been putting in the time to study."
D) My house is too noisy;I share a room with my younger brother and he is a jerk!"

Correct Answer

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Christine wants to be a nursery-school teacher.While still in high school,she takes a class through which she works part of each day at the day-care center her school operates for the children of students,teachers,and staff.Christine is participating in


A) a vocational class.
B) a paid internship.
C) theory-to-practice class.
D) None of these choices are correct.

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Luz's neighbor,Dr.Spire,is a professor of sociology at a community college.Dr.Spire takes Luz to class with her when Luz is on school vacation,and she encourages Luz to think about attending college.Luz has great respect for Dr.Spire,and Dr.Spire loves watching Luz grow more confident in her ability to go on to college.This is an example of


A) formal mentoring.
B) quasi-parental mentoring.
C) upward-mobility mentoring.
D) natural mentoring.

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Professor Daube teaches Theories of Personality.He has his students analyze the song lyrics of famous songwriters,past and present,and see if they can determine the writers' specific personality traits based on their writings.According to research,Professor Daube's students should _____ than students who are taught Theories of Personality by lectures only.


A) be more cognitively engaged with their learning
B) learn less
C) be less motivated
D) None of these choices are correct

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Otis is controlling and he can sometimes be mean.He says,"This is me;take it or leave it.I'm not able to change." According to Carol Dweck,Otis


A) has an antisocial personality disorder.
B) has a fixed mindset.
C) is expressing learned helplessness.
D) not sufficiently motivated to change.

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Cody wants to become a professional hockey player.Research has shown which of the following probably had the strongest influence on Cody's interest in pursuing a career in sports?


A) His mother supports his ideas.
B) His hockey coach encourages him.
C) His father supports his sports talent.
D) He has older siblings who are involved in hockey.

Correct Answer

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Petra lives in Russia.What is the probability that she works and attends school?


A) nonexistent
B) about 10 percent
C) about 25 percent
D) about 50 percent

Correct Answer

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A

Joan,a high school student has begun a part-time job at a retail store.She expects to work at least 20 hours each week.What is the most likely outcome of her work experience?


A) She will enjoy school more.
B) She will spend less time with her peers.
C) She will spend more time with her family.
D) She will be more likely to use alcohol and marijuana.

Correct Answer

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Perfectionism


A) increases the likelihood that teens will experience academic success.
B) is related to increased risk of depression and suicide ideation.
C) is associated with authoritative parenting.
D) occurs when students set realistic goals.

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B

Elena,a college junior,has gradually been increasing her hours at her job.According to research,Elena may


A) develop a sleep disorder due to anxiety.
B) see a decrease in her grades.
C) have fewer financial concerns than her friends.
D) All of these choices are correct.

Correct Answer

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Justin is extremely goal-oriented,optimistic,and driven.Carol Dweck would say that Justin has a


A) growth mindset.
B) fixed mindset.
C) performance mindset.
D) None of these choices are correct.

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