Question 1

What are histone variants?

Accepted Answer

A)   histone proteins that have slightly different amino acid sequences and have specialized functions
B)   histone proteins that have slightly different amino acid sequences but are found in nucleosomes throughout the chromosomes
C)   histone proteins that have been modified by acetylation
D)   histone proteins that have been modified by acetylation and phosphorylation

Question 2

Lamarck is remembered for his theory of inheritance which hypothesized that physical characteristics acquired during an individuals lifetime were passed onto their offspring.How does this differ from epigenetic inheritance where the diet of the mother affects coat color of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

A)   There is no difference between Lamarckian theories of inheritance and epigenetic inheritance.
B)   These epigenetic changes affect a specific allele.  If the allele is not present, then coat color will not be affected by diet.
C)   The change in coat color occurs in the offspring and not in the mother.

Question 3

The CpG islands upstream of housekeeping genes are unmethylated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

One definition of epigenetics would be

Accepted Answer

A)   the study of irreversible changes in DNA sequence.
B)   the study of reversible mechanisms that lead to changes in gene expression that involve changes in DNA sequence.
C)   the study of irreversible mechanisms that lead to changes in gene expression that do not involve changes in DNA sequence.
D)   the study of reversible mechanisms that lead to changes in gene expression that do not involve changes in DNA sequence. D

Question 5

What are some of the steps in eukaryotic transcriptional control?

Accepted Answer

A)   A transcriptional repressor recruits nucleosome remodeling proteins that alter nucelosome positioning, modification, and composition.  This allows for the formation of a closed chromatin complex, and binding of general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II.  Histone cores remain on the gene as transcript elongation occurs.
B)   A transcriptional repressor recruits general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II without affecting nucleosome positioning.
C)   A transcriptional activator recruits nucleosome remodeling proteins that alter nucleosome positioning, modification and composition.  This allows for the formation of an open chromatin complex, and binding of general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II.  Finally as transcription elongation occurs, histone cores are evicted from the DNA to allow the RNA polymerase to transcribe the gene.
D)   A transcriptional activator recruits general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II.  Finally as transcription elongation occurs, histone cores remain with the DNA.

Question 6

Combinatorial factors include activators and repressors as well as

Accepted Answer

A)   small effector molecules, proteins that alter the composition of nucleosomes, and DNA methylation. 
B)   small effector molecules, proteins that alter the composition of nucleosomes, DNA methylation, and basal transcription factors.
C)   small effector molecules, proteins that alter the composition of nucleosomes, but not DNA methylation. 
D)   proteins that alter the composition of nucleosomes and DNA methylation, but not small effector moecules.

Question 7

One difference between developmental and environmental epigenetic changes is that

Accepted Answer

A)   environmental epigenetic control is the result developmental processes interacting with the environment.
B)   developmental epigenetic control is a normal process that occurs in all offspring.
C)   environmental epigenetic control is a normal process that occurs in all offspring.
D)   the differences between the two lie in the mechanisms that each uses. B

Question 8

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the glucocorticoid hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)   They interact with receptors located in the plasma membrane of the cell.
B)   After interacting with the receptor, they release HSP90.
C)   The receptors form a homodimer that travels to the nucleus.
D)   The homodimer interacts with GRE, activating transcription.

Question 9

Expression of a gene can be impaired if its promoter is hypermethylated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Feeding a specific diet to female mice may result in an increased proportion of pseudo-agouti offspring if

Accepted Answer

A)   the diet is low in folic acid and vitamin B₁₂.
B)   the offspring carry the Avy allele.
C)   the transposon at the Avy locus in the progeny is hypermethylated.

Question 11

The differentially methylated region (DMR) is associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   X-chromosome inactivation
B)   Genomic imprinting
C)   Polycomb group (PcG)  proteins
D)   mRNA stability
E)   All of the answers are correct. B

Question 12

Select all examples that are associated with expression of a single allele of a gene.

Accepted Answer

A)   X-chromosome inactivation in female mammals
B)   Genomic imprinting
C)   Epigenetic modifications during cell differentiation
D)   Development of queen bees determined by exposure to royal jelly

Question 13

Gene methylation can be detected through the use of restriction endonucleases. Usually these are used in pairs where one enzyme will digest only unmethylated DNA in its recognition sequence while the other is insensitive to methylation. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   The enzyme that is insensitive to methylation serves as a control to make sure the inability of the other enzyme to digest DNA is not due to a mutation.
B)   These are used in pairs because experiments have to be replicated and this one way of performing a replication of the experiment.
C)   The experimental design is flawed because there should be a third enzyme that would serve as a positive control
D)   This experimental design is able to identify the number of methylated C residues in a particular region of DNA.

Question 14

What genes appear to be controlled by the Xic?

Accepted Answer

A)   Xist and Tsix
B)   Xist
C)   TsiX
D)   Xic

Question 15

Which of the following are molecular mechanisms used in epigenetic gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA methylation
B)   Covalent histone modification
C)   Chromatin remodeling
D)   All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Expression of ________ would inhibit X-chromosome inactivation.

Accepted Answer

A)   Xic
B)   Xist
C)   Tsix
D)   All of the answers are correct
E)   None of the answers are correct

Question 17

Epigenetic inheritance may occur at which of the following stages?

Accepted Answer

A)   Oogenesis
B)   Spermatogenesis
C)   Embryogenesis
D)   All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

Data suggests that the royal jelly fed to bee larvae causes inhibition of DNA methylation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Regulatory transcription factors may be regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)   phosphorylation.
B)   binding of carbohydrates.
C)   lipid modifications.
D)   sulfation.

Question 20

Nucleosome location may be changed by a process called ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 17: Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

What are histone variants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lamarck is remembered for his theory of inheritance which hypothesized that physical characteristics acquired during an individuals lifetime were passed onto their offspring.How does this differ from epigenetic inheritance where the diet of the mother affects coat color of the offspring?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The CpG islands upstream of housekeeping genes are unmethylated.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One definition of epigenetics would be

Correct AnswerverifiedD

What are some of the steps in eukaryotic transcriptional control?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Combinatorial factors include activators and repressors as well as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One difference between developmental and environmental epigenetic changes is that

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the glucocorticoid hormones?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Expression of a gene can be impaired if its promoter is hypermethylated.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Feeding a specific diet to female mice may result in an increased proportion of pseudo-agouti offspring if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The differentially methylated region (DMR) is associated with which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Select all examples that are associated with expression of a single allele of a gene.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gene methylation can be detected through the use of restriction endonucleases. Usually these are used in pairs where one enzyme will digest only unmethylated DNA in its recognition sequence while the other is insensitive to methylation. Which of the following statements is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What genes appear to be controlled by the Xic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are molecular mechanisms used in epigenetic gene regulation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Expression of ________ would inhibit X-chromosome inactivation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Epigenetic inheritance may occur at which of the following stages?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Data suggests that the royal jelly fed to bee larvae causes inhibition of DNA methylation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regulatory transcription factors may be regulated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nucleosome location may be changed by a process called ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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