Question 1

Race and ethnicity tend to overlap with nativity and religion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Developmental problems such as congenital birth defects occur primarily late in life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following statements most accurately expresses the downward-drift hypothesis for schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)   The conditions of life in lower-class society favor its development.
B)   The conditions of life in upper-class society favor its development.
C)   The illness leads to the clustering of psychosis in the impoverished areas of a city.
D)   The illness is associated with increases in creative talents, which contribute to wealth-enhancing achievements.

Question 4

Match the following terms with their correct definition. Definition options:
Cyclic fluctuations

Accepted Answer

A)   Increases and decreases in the frequency of diseases over a period of years or within each year
B)   The response of a group of people circumscribed in a place to a common etiologic factor to which they were exposed almost simultaneously
C)   An unusual aggregation of health events grouped together in space or time
D)   An outbreak that lasts longer than the time span of a single incubation period and is caused by a common source of exposure
E)   An outbreak due to exposure of a group of persons to the same noxious influence.

Question 5

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis varies according to latitude in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Match the following terms with their correct definition. Definition options:
Continuous common source epidemic

Accepted Answer

A)   Increases and decreases in the frequency of diseases over a period of years or within each year
B)   The response of a group of people circumscribed in a place to a common etiologic factor to which they were exposed almost simultaneously
C)   An unusual aggregation of health events grouped together in space or time
D)   An outbreak that lasts longer than the time span of a single incubation period and is caused by a common source of exposure
E)   An outbreak due to exposure of a group of persons to the same noxious influence.

Question 7

In the 2010 Census, respondents were given the option of selecting more than one race.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Studies of nativity and migration have reported that:

Accepted Answer

A)   admission rates of foreign-born persons to mental hospitals were lower than for native-born persons.
B)   diseases found in less developed regions are no longer a problem in the United States.
C)   immunization programs in developing countries have been highly successful.
D)   some migrants have inadequate immunization status with respect to vaccine-preventable diseases.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a characteristic of epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

A)   It provides the basis for planning and evaluation of health services.
B)   It allows causal inference from descriptive data.
C)   It allows comparisons by age, sex, and race.
D)   It uses case reports, case series, and cross-sectional studies.
E)   It identifies problems to be studied by analytic methods.

Question 10

Cyclic variations in the occurrence of disease may reflect:

Accepted Answer

A)   changes in exposure to infectious agents.
B)   changes in the risk-taking behavior of persons.
C)   changes in temporary stressors.
D)   endogenous biologic factors.
E)   All are correct. E

Question 11

The human biological clock phenomenon is linked to place variation in diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Age-specific and age-adjusted mortality rates by sex in the United States generally show the following sex difference(s) :

Accepted Answer

A)   Rates for males are higher than rates for females from birth to age 85 and older.
B)   Rates for females are higher than rates for males from birth to age 85 and older.
C)   Rates for males are higher than rates for females from age 6 to age 85 and older.
D)   Rates for males are equal to rates for females during the first 5 years of life.
E)   Rates for males are equal to rates for females during the first 5 years of life, and rates for males are higher than rates for females from age 6 to age 85 and older.

Question 13

A null hypothesis is most similar to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Positive declaration
B)   Negative declaration
C)   Implicit question
D)   None of these is correct.

Question 14

Large international variations in rates of infectious and communicable diseases as well as other conditions are most likely explained by:

Accepted Answer

A)   differences in climate.
B)   differences in cultural factors.
C)   national dietary habits.
D)   access to health care.
E)   All are correct.

Question 15

Hollingshead and Redlich found that severe mental illness was more common in the upper than in the lower social classes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 16

High rates of mortality from hypertension found among African Americans may be due to:

Accepted Answer

A)   dietary factors.
B)   lack of participation in risk reduction programs.
C)   obesity.
D)   dietary factors and obesity.
E)   All are correct.

Question 17

The use of GIS may be thought of as following the heritage of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Hippocrates.
B)   Graunt.
C)   Snow.
D)   Koch.
E)   Semmelweis.

Question 18

The three categories of descriptive epidemiologic variables are person, place, and time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Socioeconomic status is an example of a place variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 20

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among both males and females in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Descriptive Epidemiology: Person, Place, Time

Race and ethnicity tend to overlap with nativity and religion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Developmental problems such as congenital birth defects occur primarily late in life.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements most accurately expresses the downward-drift hypothesis for schizophrenia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the following terms with their correct definition. Definition options: Cyclic fluctuations

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis varies according to latitude in the United States.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the following terms with their correct definition. Definition options: Continuous common source epidemic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the 2010 Census, respondents were given the option of selecting more than one race.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of nativity and migration have reported that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a characteristic of epidemiology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cyclic variations in the occurrence of disease may reflect:

Correct AnswerverifiedE

The human biological clock phenomenon is linked to place variation in diseases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Age-specific and age-adjusted mortality rates by sex in the United States generally show the following sex difference(s) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A null hypothesis is most similar to which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Large international variations in rates of infectious and communicable diseases as well as other conditions are most likely explained by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hollingshead and Redlich found that severe mental illness was more common in the upper than in the lower social classes.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

High rates of mortality from hypertension found among African Americans may be due to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of GIS may be thought of as following the heritage of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The three categories of descriptive epidemiologic variables are person, place, and time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Socioeconomic status is an example of a place variable.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among both males and females in the United States.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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E

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False

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