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John is both the captain of the lacrosse team and the president of the honor society at his high school. Wednesday night is the induction ceremony for new members of the honor society and also lacrosse practice. John is torn about which event he should attend. What is John experiencing?


A) Role conflict
B) Role strain
C) Peer pressure
D) Normalization

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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How do advertisers exploit reference groups?


A) They offer group deals, so if you purchase the same item as a friend, you both get a discount.
B) They show images of people whom we hope to be like purchasing and using goods the advertisers are trying to sell.
C) They offer a discount on purchasing items in bulk, such as a "buy-one-get-one-free" deal.
D) They offer a trial subscription for free and then charge after the consumer has likely forgotten that they subscribed.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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What is the thesis of Annette Lareau's book Unequal Childhoods?


A) Wealthy parents pay other people to do the work of rearing their children. In contrast, poor parents spend more time caring for their children on their own.
B) Wealthy parents are more likely to teach their children to be assertive with adults and to engage the adult world, while poorer parents are more likely to maintain a division between children and adult worlds.
C) Knowing that their children lack the same opportunities as wealthy children, poor parents work hard starting from the birth of their children to make them competitive for college admissions.
D) Parenting style has more of an impact on wealth than wealth does on parenting style.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following statements are accurate about adults who are socially isolated?


A) They die younger after having worse mental and physical health.
B) They have worse mental and physical health, but they do not die younger than better-connected adults.
C) They report higher levels of happiness, citing social isolation as a source of relief, not stress, for themselves.
D) They experience worse physical health and die younger than their peers, but they do not have worse mental health.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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In July 2019, President Donald Trump attacked four women of color who are also Members of Congress by saying that they should "go back to where they came from"-though all of them are citizens and three of them were born in the U.S. In his tweet associating the Representatives with immigrants, President Trump was arguing that these women are part of


A) an in-group
B) a secondary group
C) a primary group
D) an out-group

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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In 2019, children internees in detention camps for immigrants to the U.S. were denied basic healthcare supplies such as toothbrushes or lice treatment. In response to criticism that this is a human rights violation, federal government guards in the camps said that they were simply following orders when they did not provide children with these goods. This is a case of


A) hidden curriculum
B) bureaucracy
C) peer pressure
D) moral indifference

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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According to Freud, the super-ego is


A) our memory for perceived injuries and slights; it is where we hold our grudges
B) where we store our affection for our parents and our fear of their disappointment in us
C) our unconscious desires to hurt those we see as competitors, even if we also think we love them
D) the part of the mind that serves as our conscience, telling us what is moral

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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You are a first-year undergraduate student who wants to pursue a career in sports medicine after attending medical school. To achieve your goal, you would be wise to choose which of the following groups as a reference group?


A) Student athletes at your university
B) The biology professor who most challenged you
C) The juniors and senior pre-med students at your university with the highest GPAs
D) The advisors who work with students who want to become sports medicine doctors

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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What kind of group is typically organized around a common activity or interest?


A) Secondary group
B) Primary group
C) Organizational culture
D) Bureaucracy

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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What is one reason we accept the presentation of self that others perform?


A) Efforts to correct them are rarely successful.
B) We don't want to cause them embarrassment.
C) We are not invested enough in others to make the effort to correct them.
D) We mistrust our own insights into their behaviors because we have been taught to trust the words of powerful people.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following is an example of a primary group?


A) A group of friends who met at summer camp in high school and have taken a camping trip together each year since then
B) Participants in a large online gaming community
C) All living alumni from your university
D) Members of a national organization promoting the interests of a profession, such as the American Medical Association or the National Council of Teachers of English

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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As we move through childhood, ______________ tend to become a more powerful socializing force, while the influence of ____________ may diminish.


A) families, peer groups
B) media, schools
C) peer groups, families
D) schools, families

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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A person who is transgender


A) Identifies with a gender that is different from the one assigned to them at birth
B) Identifies with no gender
C) Changes their gender identity according to their social situation
D) Has undergone a gender confirmation surgery that changes their body to align better with cultural expectations about their gender

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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When sociologists say that "biology is not destiny," what do they mean?


A) Biological factors established before birth, such as our genes, are influential over our social lives, but biological factors that appear after we are born, such as injuries and illnesses, are not.
B) While biology is one factor that shapes our bodies and our health, social factors also impact these.
C) We expect that, in the future, researchers will be able to locate the exact genes responsible for different social outcomes.
D) Biology and social forces are equally influential over social outcomes in our lives.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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James' parents have forbidden him from driving a snowmobile, saying that he has not shown the maturity necessary to drive one. One day he attends an ice-fishing trip with some friends, all of whom are permitted to drive snowmobiles. When James tells his friends that he is not permitted by his parents to drive a snowmobile, they tease him for being controlled by his parents and unwilling to act independently. Still, James refuses to break his parents' rules. James has just successfully navigated


A) peer pressure
B) adult socialization
C) the hidden curriculum
D) resocialization

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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A star of a reality TV show about people living with addictions likes to wear clothing from a particular brand; this includes T-shirts with the logo of the brand prominently displayed. This brand sues the TV show over the use of their logo on the show. Why do they want to stop a reality TV actor from displaying their logo?


A) They do not want people with addictions to serve as a reference group for people considering their brand.
B) They do not want the TV show to make a claim later that they should have paid for product placement (when a company places their product in a television show, movie, video game, etc.) .
C) Out of respect for viewers, they do not want to expose people to their product if those people are not seeking it out.
D) They fear that excessive exposure may increase the popularity of the product beyond what they are able to supply to retailers; they don't want to create a demand that they cannot meet.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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What is one feminist criticism of Caitlyn Jenner's transition?


A) She did not choose to change her last name, which is a recognizable link to her deadname (her name prior to her transition) .
B) She has chosen to pursue a very traditional version of femininity, including popular ideas of beauty.
C) She did not reject the Arthur Ashe Courage Award, even though Ashe was a man.
D) She did not work to remove images of herself pre-transition from the social media world.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is an ascribed status?


A) Honor roll student
B) Latina
C) Member of a sorority
D) Tutor

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is an achieved status?


A) Person with juvenile diabetes (also called Type I diabetes)
B) b. Tall person
C) Swimmer
D) Natural blonde

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which group is typically the most emotionally difficult to leave?


A) Large groups
B) Bureaucracies
C) Primary groups
D) Secondary groups

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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